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Direct Evidence for Neutrino Flavor Transformation from Neutral-Current Interactions in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Organic Chemistry

Nuclear And High Energy Physics

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Authors

Rushdy Ahmad,R. Allen

Thomas Andersen,J. Anglin,J. Barton,E. Beier,M. Bercovitch,J. Bigu,S. Biller,R. Black,F. Dalnoki‐Veress,R. Boardman,J. Boger,E. Bonvin,M. Boulay,M. Bowler,T. Bowles,S. Brice,M. Browne,T. Bullard,G. Bühler,J. Cameron,Y. Chan,H. Chen,M. Chen,X. Chen,B. Cleveland,E. Clifford,J. Cowan,E.D. Frank,F.A. Danevich,X. Dai,W.F. Davidson,P. Doe,G. Doucas,M. Dragowsky,François Guyot,F. Duncan,M. Dunford,J. Dunmore,J. Heise,S. Elliott,H. Evans,G. Ewan,J. Farine,H. Fergani,A. Ferraris,R. Ford,J. Formaggio,M. Fowler,K. Frame,W. Frati,N. Gagnon,J. Germani,Salvador Gil,K. Graham,D. Grant,R. Hahn,A. Hallin,E. Hallman,A. Hamer,A. Hamian,W. Handler,Rizwan Haq,C. Hargrove,P. Harvey,R. Hazama,K. Heeger,W. Heintzelman,K. McFarland,J. Hepburn,H. Heron,JoAnne Hewett,C.-H. Yu,M. Howe,J.G. Hykawy,M. Isaac,P. Jagam,N. Jelley,C. Jillings,G. Jonkmans,K. Kazkaz,E. Kearns,J. Klein,L. Koch,R. Komar,R. Kouzes,Y. Kudenko,I. Levine,J. Law,A. Bellerive,M. Lay,H. Lee,K. Lesko,J. Leslie,W. Locke,S. Luoma,J. Lyon,Steve Majerus,H.‐B. Mak,J. Maneira,J. Manor,Marvin Marshak,A. McDonald,D. McDonald,T. McCarthy,G. McGregor,R. Drees,C. Mifflin,Guthrie Miller,G.M. Milton,B. Moffat,M. Moorhead,C. Nally,M. Neubauer,F. Newcomer,Huah Ng,A. Noble,K. Wilson,В. Новіков,M. O'Neill,C. Okada,R. Ollerhead,M. Omori,J. Orrell,J. Nowak,A. Poon,T. Radcliffe,B.C. Robertson,K. Vetter,S. Rosendahl,J.K. Rowley,V. Rusu,E. Saettler,K. Schaffer,M. Schwendener,Anett Schülke,H. Seifert,M. Shatkay,J. Simpson,C. Sims,D. Sinclair,P. Skensved,M. Sisti,M. Smith,T. Spreitzer,N. Starinsky,Thomas Steiger,R. Stokstad,L. Stonehill,R. Storey,B. Sur,R. Tafirout,N. Tagg,N.W. Tanner,R. Taplin,M. Thorman,P. Thornewell,P.T. Trent,Yaroslav Tserkovnyak,R. Berg,R. Water,C. Virtue,Chris Waltham,J.-X. Wang,J. Abdurashitov,N. West,J.B. Wilhelmy,John Bahcall,M. Wilking,P. Wittich,M. Yeh,I. Blevis,D. Cowen,G. Cox,C. Duba,E. Earle,Kevin Graham,R. Helmer,A. Hime,P. Keener,A. Knox,T. Kutter,Christopher Kyba

+182 authors

Journal

Physical Review Letters

Published

Jun 13, 2002

DOI

10.1103/physrevlett.89.011301

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Abstract

Observations of neutral-current nu interactions on deuterium in the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory are reported. Using the neutral current (NC), elastic scattering, and charged current reactions and assuming the standard 8B shape, the nu(e) component of the 8B solar flux is phis(e) = 1.76(+0.05)(-0.05)(stat)(+0.09)(-0.09)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) for a kinetic energy threshold of 5 MeV. The non-nu(e) component is phi(mu)(tau) = 3.41(+0.45)(-0.45)(stat)(+0.48)(-0.45)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), 5.3sigma greater than zero, providing strong evidence for solar nu(e) flavor transformation. The total flux measured with the NC reaction is phi(NC) = 5.09(+0.44)(-0.43)(stat)(+0.46)(-0.43)(syst) x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1), consistent with solar models.

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