Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013

H Anderson,Victoria Bachman,Stan Biryukov,Michael Bräuer,Daniel Casey,Matthew Coates,Fiona Charlson,Kristen Delwiche,Kara Estep,Joseph Frostad,Astha KC,Hmwe Kyu,Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh,Peter Gething,Erica Slepak,Bernadette Thomas,Joseph Wagner,Gunn Aasvang,Cristiana Abbafati,Ayşe Özgören,Foad Abd-Allah,Semaw Abera,Victor Aboyans,Peter Allebeck,Jerry Abraham,Ibrahim Abubakar,Ala’a Alkerwi,Tania Aburto,Tom Achoki,Ademola Adelekan,Adofo Koranteng,Arsène Adou,José Adsuar,Ashkan Afshin,Emilie Agardh,Mazin Khabouri,Faris Lami,Sayed Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Mohammed Albittar,Amanuel Abajobir,Zewdie Alemu,Rafael Alfonso‐Cristancho,Samia Alhabib,Raghib Ali,Mohammed Ali,François Alla,Peter Allen,Alaa Badawi,Elena Álvarez,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Zanfina Ademi,Azmeraw Amare,Omid Ameli,Heresh Amini,Anurag Agrawal,Benjamin Anderson,Carl Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Ziyad Al‐Aly,Johan Ärnlöv,Valentina Arsić‐Arsenijević,Al Artaman,Robert Aldridge,Reza Assadi,Lydia Atkins,Marco Ávila,Baffour Awuah,Khalid Altirkawi,Talal Bakfalouni,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Shivanthi Balalla,Ravi Balu,Amitava Banerjee,Suzanne Barker‐Collo,Sı́món Barquera,Lars Barregård,Lope Barrero,Tonatiuh Barrientos‐Gutiérrez,Ana Basto‐Abreu,Arindam Basu,Sanjay Basu,Mohammed Basulaiman,Carolina Batis,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Tolesa Bekele,Michelle Bell,Corina Benjet,Derrick Bennett,Habib Benzian,Eduardo Bernabé,Tariku Beyene,Neeraj Bhala,Aleksandra Barać,Zulfiqar Bhutta,Boris Bikbov,Aref Abdulhak,Jed Blore,Fiona Blyth,Berrak Başara,Guilherme Borges,Natan Bornstein,Soufiane Boufous,Rupert Bourne,Michael Brainin,Nicholas Breitborde,Hermann Brenner,Adam Briggs,David Broday,Peter Brooks,Nigel Bruce,Traolach Brugha,Bert Brunekreef,Rachelle Buchbinder,Samir Bhatt,Gene Bukhman,René Botnar,Peter Burney,Ismael Campos‐Nonato,Julio Campuzano,Alejandra Cantoral,Jack Caravanos,Rosario Cárdenas,Elisabeth Cardis,David Carpenter,Valeria Caso,Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela,Rubén Castro,Ferrán Catalá-López,Fiorella Cavalleri,Alanur Çavlin,Bianca Calabria,Jung‐Chen Chang,Honglei Chen,Wanqing Chen,Zhengming Chen,Peggy Chiang,Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir,Rajiv Chowdhury,Costas Christophi,Ting-Wu Chuang,Sumeet Chugh,Massimo Círillo,Valentina Colistro,Abdulaal Chitheer,Samantha Colquhoun,Alejandra Contreras‐Manzano,Cyrus Cooper,Liliana Ciobanu,Leslie Cooper,Josef Coresh,Karen Courville,Benjamin Cowie,Lucía Cuevas‐Nasú,James Damsere-Derry,Hadi Danawi,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Paul Dargan,Adrian Davis,Dragoş Daviţoiu,Anand Dayama,José Neves,Vanessa Cruz‐Góngora,Leo Stockfelt,Graça Lima,Louisa Degenhardt,Borja Cruz,Kebede Deribe,Sarah Derrett,Don Jarlais,Muluken Dessalegn,Gabrielle deVeber,Karen Devries,Samath Dharmaratne,Mukesh Dherani,Daniel Dicker,Eric Ding,Клара Докова,E. Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Leilei Duan,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Duncan,Richard Ellenbogen,Yousef Elshrek,Matthias Endres,Ermakov Sp,Holly Erskine,Alireza Esteghamati,Saman Fahimi,Farshad Farzadfar,André Faro,Valery Feigin,Andrea Feigl,Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Alize Ferrari,Cleusa Ferri,Florian Fischer,Thomas Fleming,Kyle Foreman,Urbano Paleo,Richard Franklin,Belinda Gabbe,Lynne Gaffikin,Emmanuela Gakidou,Amiran Gamkrelidze,Fortuné Gankpé,Ron Gansevoort,Amanuel Gebremedhin,Evariste Gasana,Johanna Geleijnse,Bradford Gessner,Katherine Gibney,Giorgia Giussani,Ibrahim Ginawi,Maurice Giroud,Shifalika Goenka,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Gopalani,Philimon Gona,Teresita Cosío,Dinorah González‐Castell,Carolyn Gotay,Atsushi Goto,Hebe Gouda,Richard Guerrant,H. Gugnani,Laure Gossec,David Gunnell,Rahul Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Reyna Gutiérrez,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Holly Hagan,Samer Hamidi,Yara Halasa,Randah Hamadeh,Mouhanad Hammami,Graeme Hankey,S Harikrishnan,Hilda Harb,Mohammad Hassanvand,Josep Haro,Rasmus Havmoeller,Simon Hay,Mohammad Hedayati,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Hans Hoek,Kyle Heuton,Pouria Heydarpour,Martha Hı́jar,Howard Hoffman,John Hornberger,H. Hosgood,Damian Hoy,Mohamed Hsaïri,Guoqing Hu,Howard Hu,Cheng Huang,John Huang,Bryan Hubbell,Bogdan Ileanu,Abdullatif Husseini,Troy Jacobs,Kim Iburg,Bulat Idrisov,Nayu Ikeda,Kaire Innos,Manami Inoue,Farhad Islami,Sudha Jayaraman,Kathryn Jacobsen,Henrica Jansen,Deborah Jarvis,Simerjot Jassal,Alejandra Jáuregui,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Paul Jensen,Vivekanand Jha,Zubair Kabir,Guohong Jiang,Ying Jiang,Jost Jonas,Knud Juel,Haidong Kan,Sidibe Roseline,Nadim Karam,André Karch,Corine Karema,Ganesan Karthikeyan,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Andrew Kemp,André Kengne,Andre Keren,Yousef Khader,Shams Khalifa,Ejaz Khan,Young‐Ho Khang,Irma Khonelidze,Christian Kieling,Daniel Kim,Jagdish Khubchandani,Ruth Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Brett Kissela,Miia Kivipelto,Luke Knibbs,Ann Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Mehmet Köse,Soewarta Kosen,Michael Kravchenko,Sanjay Krishnaswami,Hans Kromhout,Barthélémy Defo,Burcu Biçer,Ernst Kuipers,G Kumar,Veena Kulkarni,Gene Kwan,Tea Lallukka,Arjun Balaji,Ratilal Lalloo,Hilton Lam,Qing Lan,Van Lansingh,Heidi Larson,Miriam Levi,Dennis Laryea,Li Y,Alicia Lawrynowicz,Janet Leasher,Jong-Tae Lee,James Leigh,Ricky Leung,Yongmei Li,Juan Liang,Xiaofeng Liang,Stephen Lim,Patrice Lindsay,Steven Lipshultz,Simin Liu,Yang Liu,Belinda Lloyd,Giancarlo Logroscino,Stephanie London,Nancy López,Joannie Lortet‐Tieulent,Paulo Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Raimundas Lunevičius,Peter Meaney,Stefan Ma,Vasco Machado,Michael MacIntyre,Carlos Magis‐Rodríguez,Abbas Mahdi,Marek Majdán,Reza Malekzadeh,Gert Mensink,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo Meretoja,Wagner Marcenes,Francis Mhimbira,Christopher Margono,Guy Marks,Randall Martin,Melvin Marzan,Mohammad Mashal,Felix Masiye,Amanda Woods,Shafiu Mohammed,Richard Matzopoulos,Bongani Mayosi,Tasara Mazorodze,Marcella Montico,Martin McKee,Rintaro Mori,Catalina Medina,Mohan Bairwa,Fabiola Mejía‐Rodríguez,Wubegzier Mekonnen,Yohannes Melaku,Aliya Naheed,Ziad Memish,Walter Mendoza,George Mensah,Muhammad Nisar,Ted Miller,Edward Mills,Awoke Misganaw,Santosh Mishra,Luke Nyakarahuka,Karzan Mohammad,Ali Mokdad,Glen Mola,Lorenzo Monasta,Pedro Olivares,Ami Moore,Lidia Morawska,Eyal Oren,Wilkister Moturi,Dariush Mozaffarian,Erika Ota,Mitsuru Mukaigawara,Erin Mullany,Kinnari Murthy,Mohsen Naghavi,Ziad Nahas,Kovin Naidoo,Luigi Naldi,Scott Patten,Vinay Nangia,K.M. Narayan,Denis Nash,Bruce Neal,Chakib Nejjari,Sudan Neupane,Charles Newton,Frédéric Piel,Jean Ngirabega,Grant Nguyen,Nguyễn Nhung,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,José Nogueira,Joan Nolla,Sandra Nolte,Ole Norheim,Rosana Norman,Mostafa Qorbani,In‐Hwan Oh,Takayoshi Ohkubo,Bolajoko Olusanya,Saad Omer,John Opio,Ricardo Orozco,Rajesh Kumar,Saša Rajšić,Jeyaraj Pandian,Carlo Panelo,Chhabi Ranabhat,Eun‐Kee Park,Charles Parry,Ángel Paternina‐Caicedo,Colin Rehm,Boris Pavlin,Neil Pearce,Lilia Pedraza,Andrea Pedroza-Tobías,Ljiljana Stokic,Ayfer Pekericli,David Pereira,Rogelio Pérez‐Padilla,Fernando Perez‐Ruiz,Norberto Perico,Samuel Perry,Aslam Pervaiz,Konrad Pesudovs,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Max Petzold,Michael Phillips,Hwee Phua,Dietrich Plaß,Dan Poenaru,Guilherme Polanczyk,Suzanne Polinder,Damian Santomauro,Itamar Santos,Daniel Pope,Svetlana Popova,Farshad Pourmalek,John Powles,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Noela Prasad,Dima Qato,Amado Quezada‐Sánchez,D. Quistberg,Lionel Racapé,Anwar Rafay,Kazem Rahimi,Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar,Shams Rahman,Murugesan Raju,Ivo Rakovac,Mayuree Rao,Homie Razavi,K. Reddy,Amany Refaat,Jürgen Rehm,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Antonio Jimeno,Patricia Riccio,Lee Richardson,Kenji Shibuya,Margaret Robinson,Anna Roca,Alina Rodriguez,David Rojas‐Rueda,Ivy Shiue,Luca Ronfani,Robin Room,Nobhojit Roy,George Ruhago,Jonathan Silverberg,Sabin Nsanzimana,Shireen Sindi,Sukanta Saha,Ramesh Sahathevan,Mohammad Sahraian,Joshua Salomon,Deborah Salvo,Uchechukwu Sampson,Juan Sanabria,Luz Sánchez,Tania Sánchez-Pimienta,Logan Sandar,Amir Sapkota,Maheswar Satpathy,Heidi Stöckl,Monika Sawhney,Mete Şaylan,Bruno Sunguya,J Schmidt,Ione Schneider,Ben Schöttker,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,James Scott,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf Sepanlou,Berrin Serdar,Edson Serván‐Mori,Gavin Shaddick,Saeid Shahraz,Teresa Levy,Siyi Shangguan,Jun She,Sara Sheikhbahaei,Hwashin Shin,Yukito Shinohara,Rahman Shiri,Kawkab Shishani,Amanda Thrift,Donald Silberberg,Edgar Simard,Abhishek Singh,Gitanjali Singh,Jasvinder Singh,Vegard Skirbekk,Karen Tabb,Michael Soljak,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Kjetil Søreide,Sergey Soshnikov,Luciano Sposato,Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Eduardo Undurraga,Chigozie Uneke,Olalekan Uthman,Dan Stein,Murray Stein,Natalie Stephens,Lennert Veerman,Konstantinos Stroumpoulis,Lela Sturua,Soumya Swaminathan,Mamta Swaroop,Bryan Sykes,Ken Takahashi,Roberto Talongwa,Nikhil Tandon,David Tanné,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Braden Ao,Tissa Wijeratne,Martha Téllez‐Rojo,Abdullah Terkawi,José Texcalac-Sangrador,Anthony Woolf,Blake Thomson,Andrew Thorne‐Lyman,George Thurston,Taavi Tillmann,Myriam Tobollik,Marcello Tonelli,Fotis Topouzis,Pengpeng Ye,Hideaki Toyoshima,Jefferson Traebert,Bach Tran,Leonardo Trasande,Matias Trillini,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa Zaki,Miltiadis Tsilimbaris,E. Tuzcu,Uche Uchendu,Kingsley Ukwaja,Selen Uzun,Steven Vijver,Rita Dingenen,Coen Gool,Jim Os,Yuri Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,Ana Vasconcelos,Monica Vavilala,Péter Vollenweider,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Salvador Villalpando,Francesco Violante,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Vollset,Gregory Wagner,Stephen Waller,Mitchell Wallin,Xia Wan,Haidong Wang,JianLi Wang,Lınhong Wang,Wenzhi Wang,Yanping Wang,Tati Warouw,Charlotte Watts,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,K. Wessells,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,James Wilkinson,Hywel Williams,Thomas Williams,Solomon Woldeyohannes,Charles Wolfe,John Wong,Jonathan Wright,Brittany Wurtz,Gelin Xu,Lijing Yan,Gonghuan Yang,Yuichiro Yano,Muluken Azage,Gökalp Yentür,Paul Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok‐Jun Yoon,Mustafa Younis,Zourkaleini Younoussi,Chuanhua Yu,Yong Zhao,Yuan Lu,Maigeng Zhou,Jun Zhu,Shankuan Zhu,Xiaonong Zou,Joseph Zunt,Alan López,Theo Vos,Chris Murray,Richard Burnett,Aaron Cohen,Marie Ng,Niveen Abu-Rmeileh,Khurshid Alam,Miguel Alegretti,Alicia Aleman,Adansi Amankwaa,Emmanuel Ameh,Walid Ammar,Solveig Cunningham,Rana Asghar,Charles Atkinson,Maria Bahit,Ryan Barber