Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Amanuel Abajobir,Kalkidan Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Abdishakur Abdulle,Semaw Abera,Victor Aboyans,Laith Abu‐Raddad,Ala’a Alkerwi,Gebre Abyu,Isaac Adedeji,Olatunji Adetokunboh,Mohsen Afarideh,Anurag Agrawal,Sutapa Agrawal,Hamid Ahmadieh,Muktar Ahmed,Miloud Aichour,Amani Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Rufus Akinyemi,Nadia Akseer,Fares Alahdab,Ziyad Al‐Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Tahiya Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Kefyalew Alene,Komal Ali,Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Rajaa Al‐Raddadi,Alaa Badawi,Khalid Altirkawi,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Azmeraw Amare,Erfan Amini,Yaw Amoako,Hossein Ansari,José Sánchez‐Ramos,Carl Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Nicholas Arian,Johan Ärnlöv,Al Artaman,Krishna Aryal,Hamid Asayesh,Solomon Asgedom,Tesfay Atey,Leticia Ávila‐Burgos,Euripide Avokpaho,Ashish Awasthi,Peter Azzopardi,Umar Bacha,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Shoshana Ballew,Aleksandra Barać,Heresh Amini,Suzanne Barker‐Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Sı́món Barquera,Lars Barregård,Lope Barrero,Carolina Batis,Katherine Battle,Blair Baumgarner,Bernhard Baune,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Michelle Bell,Derrick Bennett,James Bennett,Isabela Benseñor,Adugnaw Berhane,Derbew Berhe,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Betsu,Mircea Beuran,Addisu Beyene,Anil Bhansali,Zulfiqar Bhutta,Burcu Biçer,Boris Bikbov,Charles Birungi,Stan Biryukov,Christopher Blosser,Dube Boneya,Ibrahim Bou-Orm,Michael Bräuer,Nicholas Breitborde,Hermann Brenner,Traolach Brugha,Lemma Bulto,Zahid Butt,Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado,Rosario Cárdenas,Juan Carrero,Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela,Ferrán Catalá-López,Kelly Cercy,Hsing‐Yi Chang,Fiona Charlson,Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir,Vesper Chisumpa,Abdulaal Chitheer,Hanne Christensen,Devasahayam Christopher,Massimo Círillo,Haley Comfort,Cyrus Cooper,Josef Coresh,Leslie Cornaby,Paolo Cortesi,Benjamin Cowie,John Crump,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,José Neves,Gail Davey,Dragoş Daviţoiu,Kairat Davletov,Barbora Courten,Barthélémy Defo,Louisa Degenhardt,Selina Deiparine,Kebede Deribe,Aniruddha Deshpande,Samath Dharmaratne,Eric Ding,Shirin Djalalinia,Huyen Phuc,Клара Докова,David Doku,Aaron Donkelaar,E. Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Duncan,Sarah Duncan,Hedyeh Ebrahimi,Ziad El‐Khatib,Ahmadali Enayati,Aman Endries,Holly Erskine,Alireza Esteghamati,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Kara Estep,Saman Fahimi,Giancarlo Cesana,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Kairsten Fay,Valery Feigin,Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,João Fernandes,Alize Ferrari,Tesfaye Feyissa,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Christina Fitzmaurice,Kyle Foreman,Joseph Frostad,Nancy Fullman,Thomas Fürst,João Furtado,Morsaleh Ganji,Alberto García‐Basteiro,Tsegaye Gebrehiwot,Johanna Geleijnse,Ayele Geleto,Bikila Lencha,Hailay Gesesew,Peter Gething,Alireza Ghajar,Katherine Gibney,Paramjit Gill,Giorgia Giussani,Ababi Giref,Melkamu Gishu,William Godwin,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Gopalani,Yevgeniy Goryakin,Alessandra Goulart,Nicholas Graetz,H. Gugnani,Jingwen Guo,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Reyna Gutiérrez,Vladimir Hachinski,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Gessessew Hailu,Randah Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Mouhanad Hammami,Alexis Handal,Graeme Hankey,Sarah Lewington,Hilda Harb,Habtamu Hareri,Mohammad Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Caitlin Hawley,Simon Hay,Mohammad Hedayati,Delia Hendrie,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Julio Hernandez,Hans Hoek,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Damian Hoy,Mohamed Hsaïri,Guoqing Hu,John Huang,Hsiang Huang,Luke Nyakarahuka,Kim Iburg,Chad Ikeda,Manami Inoue,Caleb Irvine,Maria Jackson,Kathryn Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljević,Alejandra Jáuregui,Mehdi Javanbakht,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Lars Johansson,Catherine Johnson,Jost Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,André Karch,Corine Karema,Amir Kasaeian,Nicholas Kassebaum,Anshul Kastor,Srinivasa Katikireddi,Norito Kawakami,Peter Keiyoro,Sefonias Kelbore,Laura Kemmer,André Kengne,Chandrasekharan Kesavachandran,Yousef Khader,Fakher Rahim,Ejaz Khan,Young‐Ho Khang,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Ali Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Jun Kim,Young‐Eun Kim,Daniel Kim,Ruth Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kısa,Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek,Mika Kivimäki,Luke Knibbs,Ann Knudsen,Jacek Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Kristopher Krohn,Hans Kromhout,G Kumar,Michael Kutz,Hmwe Kyu,Dharmesh Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka,Qing Lan,Van Lansingh,Miriam Levi,Paul Lee,Alexander Lee,James Leigh,Janni Leung,Teresa Levy,Li Y,Yongmei Li,Xiaofeng Liang,Misgan Liben,Shai Linn,Patrick Liu,Rakesh Ghosh,Giancarlo Logroscino,Katharine Looker,Alan López,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo Lotufo,Rafael Lozano,Raimundas Lunevičius,Erlyn Macarayan,Hassan Razek,Mohammed Razek,Marek Majdán,Reza Majdzadeh,Azeem Majeed,Tandi Matsha,Rajesh Malhotra,Déborah Malta,Abdullah Mamun,Helena Manguerra,LG Mantovani,Chabila Mapoma,Randall Martin,José Martínez‐Raga,Francisco Martins‐Melo,Manu Mathur,Shafiu Mohammed,Richard Matzopoulos,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,John McGrath,Suresh Mehata,Mohan Bairwa,Toni Meier,Yohannes Melaku,Peter Memiah,Ziad Memish,Walter Mendoza,Melkamu Mengesha,George Mensah,Gert Mensink,Seid Mereta,Tuomo Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Mezgebe,Muhammad Nisar,Anoushka Millear,Ted Miller,Shawn Minnig,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin Мirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Mishra,Karzan Mohammad,Kedir Mohammed,Murali Mohan,Ali Mokdad,Lorenzo Monasta,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Lidia Morawska,Shane Morrison,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Erika Ota,Erin Mullany,Kate Muller,Sureshkumar Kamalakannan,Kamarul Musa,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Vinay Nangia,Natarajan Gopalakrishnan,Ruxandra Negoi,Ionuţ Negoi,Cuong Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Trang Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Michele Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Ningrum,Marika Nomura,Vuong Nong,Ole Norheim,Mostafa Qorbani,Jean Noubiap,Carla Obermeyer,Felix Ogbo,In‐Hwan Oh,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Andrew Olagunju,Tinuke Olagunju,Pedro Olivares,Helen Olsen,Bolajoko Olusanya,Jacob Olusanya,John Opio,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortíz,Mayowa Owolabi,P Mahesh,Rosana Norman,Adrian Pană,Basant Panda,Jeyaraj Pandian,Chhabi Ranabhat,Eun‐Kee Park,Charles Parry,Scott Patten,George Patton,David Pereira,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Max Petzold,Michael Phillips,Julian Pillay,М. Пирадов,Farhad Pishgar,Dietrich Plaß,Martin Pletcher,Suzanne Polinder,Svetlana Popova,Richie Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Narayan Prasad,Caroline Purcell,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar,Mohammad Rahman,Muhammad Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar,Saša Rajšić,Usha Ram,Salman Rawaf,Colin Rehm,Jürgen Rehm,Robert Reiner,Marissa Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,André Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Luz Reynales-Shigematsu,Satar Rezaei,Antonio Jimeno,Juan Rivera,Kedir Roba,David Rojas‐Rueda,Yesenia Román,Robin Room,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory Roth,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Enrico Rubagotti,Jonathan Silverberg,Nafis Sadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Ramesh Sahathevan,Joseph Salama,Joshua Salomon,Abdallah Samy,Juan Sanabria,María Sánchez-Niño,Tania Sánchez-Pimienta,Damian Santomauro,Itamar Santos,Milena Santric-Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Sonia Saxena,María Schmidt,Ione Schneider,Aletta Schutte,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Falk Schwendicke,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf Sepanlou,Berrin Serdar,Edson Serván‐Mori,Gavin Shaddick,Amira Shaheen,Saeid Shahraz,Mansour Shamsipour,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Sheikh Islam,Jayendra Sharma,Rajesh Sharma,Jun She,Jiabin Shen,Peilin Shi,Kenji Shibuya,Chloe Shields,Mekonnen Sisay,Min‐Jeong Shin,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Kawkab Shishani,Haitham Shoman,Mark Shrime,Inga Sigfúsdóttir,Diego Silva,João Silva,Dayane Silveira,Jasvinder Singh,Virendra Singh,Dhirendra Sinha,Eirini Skiadaresi,Erica Slepak,David Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Sobaih,Eugène Sobngwi,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Reed Sorensen,Luciano Sposato,Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Nicholas Steel,Dan Stein,Caitlyn Steiner,Sabine Steinke,Mark Stokes,Bryan Strub,Michelle Subart,Mu’awiyyah Sufiyan,Rizwan Abdulkader,Patrick Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan Sykes,Cassandra Szoeke,Santosh Tadakamadla,Ken Takahashi,Jukka Takala,Vinod Scaria,Marcel Tanner,Yihunie Tarekegn,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Teketo Tegegne,Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi,Abdullah Terkawi,Belay Tesssema,JS Thakur,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Giang Vu,Andrew Theis,Matthew Thomas,A. Thomson,Amanda Thrift,Taavi Tillmann,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Myriam Tobollik,Mette Tollånes,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topór-Mądry,Anna‐Karin Danielsson,Miguel Tortajada‐Girbés,Mathilde Touvier,Bach Tran,Kald Tuem,E. Tuzcu,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley Ukwaja,Chigozie Uneke,Rachel Updike,Olalekan Uthman,Job Boven,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,Lennert Veerman,Vidhya Venkateswaran,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Francesco Violante,Sergey Vladimirov,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Vollset,Theo Vos,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Mitchell Wallin,Yuan‐Pang Wang,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert Weintraub,Daniel Weiss,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Charles Wiysonge,Belete Woldeyes,Charles Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Simon Yadgir,Bereket Yakob,Lijing Yan,Mehdi Yaseri,Hamid Hassen,Paul Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok‐Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Younis,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa Zaki,Luis Zavala‐Arciniega,Xueying Zhang,Stephanie Zimsen,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Stephen Lim,Christopher Murray,Niveen Abu-Rmeileh,Shazia Alam,Richard Gillum,Young-Ho Khang,Walid Ammar,Josep Antó,Ryan Barber,Simón Barquera