Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Luc Dauchet,Leanne Riley,Christophe Tzourio,André Kengne,Edward Gregg,James Bennett,Bethlehem Solomon,Rosie Singleton,Marisa Sophiea,Maria Iurilli,Victor Lhoste,Maroje Sorić,Stefan Savin,Mark Woodward,Yulia Balanova,Renata Cífková,Albertino Damasceno,Paul Elliott,Farshad Farzadfar,Jiang He,Ana Jelaković,Young‐Ho Khang,Hyeon Kim,Avula Laxmaiah,Hsien-Ho Lin,Paula Maira,J. Miranda,Hannelore Neuhauser,Johan Sundström,Cherian Varghese,Aline Wagner,Tomasz Zdrojewski,Rajaa Al‐Raddadi,Ziad Abdeen,Naser Ahmadi,Ala’a Alkerwi,Benjamín Acosta-Cázares,Robert Adams,Wichai Aekplakorn,Kaosar Afsana,Shoaib Afzal,Imelda Angeles‐Agdeppa,Javad Aghazadeh-Attari,Carlos Aguilar‐Salinas,Lars Ängquist,Noor Ahmad,Ali Ahmadi,Nastaran Ahmadi,Fariba Ahmadizar,Niveen Abu-Rmeileh,Wolfgang Ahrens,Kamel Ajlouni,Monira Alarouj,Fadia AlBuhairan,Shahla Aldhukair,Mohamed Ali,Abdullah Alkandari,Kristine Allin,Wail Hayajneh,Deepak Amarapurkar,Norbert Amougou,Philippe Amouyel,Lars Andersen,Sigmund Anderssen,Fereidoun Azizi,Sahar Moghaddam,Bontha Babu,Suhad Bahijri,Joana Araújo,Nagalla Balakrishna,Tahir Aris,Raphael Arku,Nimmathota Arlappa,Jennifer Baker,Thor Aspelund,Félix Assah,Aluísio Barros,Juha Auvinen,Mauro Barros,Ana Azevedo,Mohsen Azimi‐Nezhad,Mehrdad Azmin,Habiba Romdhane,Maciej Banach,Maja Banadinović,Piotr Bandosz,Antonio Bernabé-Ortíz,Joanna Baran,Belavendra Antonisamy,Alberto Barceló,Amina Barkat,Marta Barreto,Mikhail Rodríguez,Anna Bartosiewicz,Abdul Basit,João Bastos,Iqbal Bata,Anwar Batieha,Assembekov Batyrbek,Peter Bjerregaard,Zulfiqar Bhutta,L. Benson,Salim Berkinbayev,Gailutė Bernotienė,Heloísa Bettiol,Jorge Bezerra,José Boggia,Simona Bo,Daniel Bia,Katia Biasch,Duško Bjelica,Francesco Branca,Marius Bjertness,Hermann Brenner,Kátia Bloch,Martin Bobák,Anna Bugge,Stig Bojesen,Vanina Bongard,Sinèad Brophy,Matthias Bopp,Herman Borghs,Pascal Bovet,Christopher Boyer,Genc Burazeri,Günay Can,Jürgen König,Axel Carlsson,Yajaira Briceño,Miguel Brito,H. Bueno‐de‐Mesquita,Gloria Bueno,Con Burns,Michael Bursztyn,Antonio León,Joseph Cacciottolo,Ana Cândido,Mario Capanzana,Naděžda Čapková,Eduardo Capuano,Norsyamlina Rahim,Joana Carvalho,Felipe Casanueva,Laura Censi,Marvin Cervantes‐Loaiza,Charalambos Chadjigeorgiou,Chamukuttan Snehalatha,Adela Chiriţă-Emandi,Queenie Chan,Nish Chaturvedi,Miao Chee,Diego Christófaro,Fangfang Chen,Frank Claessens,Zhengming Chen,Ching‐Yu Cheng,Bahman Cheraghian,Imane Dekkaki,Arnaud Chioléro,Kuo‐Liong Chien,Tara Coppinger,María‐Dolores Chirlaque,Eva Corpeleijn,Kaare Christensen,Jerzy Chudek,Eliza Cinteză,Janine Clarke,Els Clays,Felipe Cureau,Rachel Cooper,Cyrus Cooper,Simona Costanzo,Ana Crujeiras,Chris Cowell,Rachel Dankner,Amelia Crampin,Juan Cruz,Semánová Csilla,Kairat Davletov,Sarah Cuschieri,Graziella D’Arrigo,Eleonora d’Orsi,Nicolas Clémenty,Thomas Dantoft,Guy Backer,Dirk Bacquer,Amalia Curtis,Do Ha,Stefaan Henauw,Klodian Dhana,Meghnath Dhimal,Delphine Smedt,Anuradha Rajamanickam,А. Деев,Vincent DeGennaro,Augusto Castelnuovo,Stefaan Demarest,Elaine Dennison,Valérie Deschamps,Francis Delpeuch,Alejandro Díaz,Ty Dickerson,Živka Dika,Shirin Djalalinia,Ha TP,Samuel Dumith,Angela Döring,Maria Dorobanțu,Marcus Dörr,Kouamelan Doua,Nico Dragano,Wojciech Drygas,Charmaine Duante,Priscilla Duboz,Rosemary Duda,Marie Eliasen,Anar Dushpanova,Aleksandar Džakula,Vilnis Dzērve,Elżbieta Dziankowska–Zaborszczyk,Ricky Eddie,Ebrahim Eftekhar,Jorge Escobedo,Gabriele Eiben,David Faeh,Mohammad El-Khateeb,Jalila Ati,Denise Eldemire‐Shearer,Roberto Elosúa,Raimund Erbel,Cihangir Erem,Jean Ferrières,Daniel Fernández-Bergés,Ali Esmaeili,M Ferrario,Caroline Fall,Elnaz Faramarzi,Mojtaba Farjam,Asher Fawwad,Francisco Félix-Redondo,Stephan Felix,Trevor Ferguson,Maria Franco,Daniel Ferrante,Thomas Ferrao,Catterina Ferreccio,Haroldo Ferreira,Eldridge Ferrer,Sandra Fuchs,Thamara Figueiró,Günther Fink,Krista Fischer,Yuki Fujita,Maria Forsner,Heba Fouad,Magda Gasull,Ruth Frikke‐Schmidt,Johanna Geleijnse,Flávio Fuchs,Fumihiko Matsuda,Viktoriya Furdela,Ariel Furer,Fabio Galvano,Jonathan Giovannelli,Andrzej Galbarczyk,Henrike Galenkamp,Xiang Gao,Pei Gao,Pablo García,Marcela González‐Gross,Francesco Gianfagna,Andréa Gazzinelli,Ulrike Gehring,Ronnie George,Ali Ghanbari,Erfan Ghasemi,Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea,Anup Ghimire,Alessandro Gialluisi,Tomasz Grodzicki,Christian Gieger,Anders Grøntved,Glen Gironella,Aleksander Giwercman,Konstantinos Gkiouras,Marcel Goldberg,Rebecca Goldsmith,Luis Gómez,Aleksandra Gomuła,Helen Gonçalves,Mauer Gonçalves,Bruna Silva,David González‐Chica,Juan González‐Rivas,Clicerio González‐Villalpando,María-Elena González-Villalpando,Ángel González,Mariano Gorbea,F. Gottrand,Sidsel Graff‐Iversen,André Guimarães,Aneta Grajda,Martin Gulliford,Ronald Gregor,Giuseppe Grosso,Gabriella Gruden,Dongfeng Gu,Ong Guan,Vilmundur Guðnason,Ian Hambleton,Idris Guessous,Jóhanna Gunnlaugsdóttir,Marc Gunter,Prakash Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Oye Gureje,Beata Gurzkowska,Maria Hassapidou,Félix Gutzwiller,Seongjun Ha,Farzad Hadaegh,Rosa Haghshenas,Hamid Hakimi,Behrooz Hamzeh,Dominique Hange,Sari Hantunen,Jie Hao,Carla Hardman,Rachakulla Kumar,Seyed Hashemi‐Shahri,Jun Hata,Teresa Haugsgjerd,Gönül Dinç,Yuna He,Margit Heier,Isabelle Herter‐Aeberli,Rafael Henrique,Ana Henriques,Leticia Hernández‐Cadena,Herqutanto Herqutanto,Sai Ho,Ramin Heshmat,Allan Hill,Abdullatif Husseini,Michael Hobbs,Michelle Holdsworth,Reza Homayounfar,Andréa Horimoto,Claudia Hormiga,Bernardo Horta,Leïla Houti,José Huerta,Thein Htay,Aung Htet,Masanori Iwasaki,Ilpo Huhtaniemi,Bogdan Ileanu,Martijn Huisman,Jeremy Jacobs,Nahla Hwalla,Licia Iacoviello,Grażyna Jasieńska,Mohsen Ibrahim,Violeta Iotova,Vilma Irazola,Takafumi Ishida,Godsent Isiguzo,Mattias Johansson,Sheikh Islam,Jari Jokelainen,Hashem Jaddou,Gregor Jurak,Kenneth James,Edward Janus,Marjo‐Riitta Järvelin,Bojan Jelaković,Anjani Jha,Torben Jørgensen,Ramon Jimenez,Karl‐Heinz Jöckel,Michel Joffres,Amir Kasaeian,Jost Jonas,Pradeep Joshi,Srinivasan Kannan,Jacek Jozwiak,Gyulli Kazakbaeva,Vesna Jureša,Rudolf Kaaks,Anthony Kafatos,Eero Kajantie,Zhanna Kalmatayeva,Natasa Kalpourtzi,Ofra Kalter‐Leibovici,Freja Kampmann,Eva Karaglani,Line Kårhus,Ting Xie,Marzieh Katibeh,Joanne Katz,Yousef Khader,Davood Khalili,Maryam Kavousi,Ulrich Keil,Lital Keinan‐Boker,Sirkka Keinänen‐Kiukaanniemi,Roya Kelishadi,Han Kemper,Maryam Keramati,Alina Kerimkulova,Mathilde Kersting,Jenny Kindblom,Steinar Krokstad,Bahareh Kheiri,Motahareh Kheradmand,Alireza Khosravi,Susi Kriemler,Peter Kristensen,Dong Kim,Jeongseon Kim,Heidi Klakk,Magdalena Klimek,Jūratė Klumbienė,Michael Hennerici,Elin Kolle,Urho Kujala,Jukka Kontto,Raija Korpelainen,Zbigniew Kułaga,Sudhir Kowlessur,Sławomir Kozieł,Jana Kratěnová,Vilma Kriaučionienė,TH Lam,Tiina Laatikainen,Carl Lachat,Renata Kučienė,Raman Kumar,Paweł Kurjata,Yadlapalli Kusuma,В. Куценко,Kari Kuulasmaa,Catherine Kyobutungi,Youcef Laid,Orlando Landrove,Luz León‐Muñoz,Naomi Levitt,Bagher Larijani,Tint Latt,Gwenaëlle Coroller,Maria Lima‐Costa,Allan Linneberg,Mieczysław Litwin,Jeonghee Lee,Terho Lehtimäki,Daniel Lemogoum,Yanping Li,Robert Lundqvist,Wei‐Yen Lim,Lin Xu,Yi‐Ting Lin,George Machado-Coelho,Vijaya Lingam,Nuno Lunet,Michala Lustigová,Esther López‐García,Tania López,Márcia Makdisse,Iva Lovrenčić,Janice Lukrafka,Dalia Lukšienė,Rahul Malhotra,Edyta Łuszczki,Yannis Μanios,Jun Ma,Aristides Machado‐Rodrigues,Enguerran Macia,Luisa Macieira,Ahmed Madar,Dianna Magliano,Emmanuella Magriplis,Gowri Mahasampath,Bernard Maire,Reynaldo Martorell,Fatemeh Malekzadeh,Tandi Matsha,Jean Mbanya,Sofia Malyutina,Jim Mann,Mansour Ghafourifard,Enzo Manzato,Anie Marcil,Staffan Marild,Mihaela Glavić,Pedro Marques‐Vidal,Larissa Marques,Jaume Marrugat,Breige McNulty,Marija Matašin,Prashant Mathur,Alícia Matijasevich,Piotr Matłosz,Geetha Menon,Aline Meirhaeghe,Anselmo Posso,Shelly McFarlane,Stephen McGarvey,Jody Miller,Cláudia Minderico,Sounnia Benchekor,Erkin Мirrakhimov,Nathalie Michels,Kirsten Mehlig,Amir Mehrparvar,Pietro Modesti,Carlos Montano,Viswanathan Mohan,Helmut Meyer,Jie Mi,Kairit Mikkel,Karolina Miłkowska,GK Mini,Marjeta Mišigoj‐Duraković,Niels Møller,Shukri Mohamed,Kazem Mohammad,Mohammad Mohammadi,Zahra Mohammadi,George Moschonis,Reza Mohammadpourhodki,Salim Mohanna,Aya Mostafa,Iraj Mohebbi,Farnam Mohebi,Marie Moitry,Jorge Mota,Mohammad Motlagh,Charles Mondo,Eric Monterrubio‐Flores,Martina Müller‐Nurasyid,Mahmood Moosazadeh,Neil Murphy,Luis Moreno,Małgorzata Mossakowska,Seyed‐Ali Mostafavi,Jorge Motta,Marcos Santos,Malay Mridha,Kelias Msyamboza,Thet Mu,Alfa Muhihi,Jaakko Mursu,Kamarul Musa,Sanja Milanović,Martin Neovius,Norlaila Mustafa,Iraj Nabipour,Shohreh Naderimagham,Gabriele Nagel,Balkish Naidu,Farid Najafi,Vinay Nangia,Teemu Niiranen,Ei Nang,Sameer Narake,Óscar Noboa,Marianna Noale,Azim Nejatizadeh,Chung Nguyen,Nguyen Nguyen,Quang Nguyen,Nikitin IuP,Toshiharu Ninomiya,Sania Nishtar,Sok Ong,Ahmad Noorbala,Teresa Norat,Claes Ohlsson,Børge Nordestgaard,Natalia Nowak-Szczepańska,Clive Osmond,Baltazar Nunes,Dermot O’Reilly,Caleb Ochimana,Afshin Ostovar,Augustine Odili,Kim Overvad,Ryutaro Ohtsuka,Valérie Olie,Johanna Otero,Mohd Omar,Altan Onat,Luigi Palmieri,Pedro Ordúñez,Rui Ornelas,Pedro Ortíz,Dimitrios Papandreou,Ellis Owusu‐Dabo,Fred Paccaud,Cristina Padez,Nasheeta Peer,Karina Paiva,Andrzej Pająk,Sérgio Peixoto,Wen‐Harn Pan,Annette Peters,Francesco Panza,Mariela Paoli,Soon-Woo Park,Suyeon Park,Winsome Parnell,Iris Pigeot,Patrick Pasquet,Hynek Pikhart,Halyna Pavlyshyn,João Pedro,Markku Peltonen,Ozren Polašek,Karen Peres,Marco Peres,Akram Pourshams,Niloofar Peykari,Rajendra Pradeepa,Rafael Pichardo,Maria Puiu,Lorenza Pilotto,Freda Pitakaka,Jackie Price,Astrid Petersmann,Mostafa Qorbani,Miquel Porta,Anil Poudyal,Farhad Pourfarzi,Manu Raj,Alison Price,Rui Providência,Margus Punab,Josep Redón,Daniel Queiroz,Tran Bao,Maria Polakowska,Ričardas Radišauskas,Salar Rahimikazerooni,Elio Ríboli,Massimo Salvetti,Ellina Rakhimova,Raphael Ritti‐Dias,Siân Robinson,Elisabete Ramos,L Rampal,Rosalba Rojas,Dora Romaguera,Vayia Rarra,Cassiano Rech,Paul Reganit,Valéria Regecová,Luis Revilla,Abbas Rezaianzadeh,Robespierre Ribeiro,Adrian Richter,Fernando Rigo,Rafaela Rosário,Harshpal Sachdev,Miguel Rodríguez‐Pérez,Laura Rodríguez-Villamizar,Ulla Roggenbuck,Elisabetta Romeo,Ali Safarpour,Adolfo Rubinstein,Jean‐Bernard Ruidavets,María Ruiz‐Castell,Iuliia Rusakova,Paola Russo,Diana Santos,Hamideh Sabbaghi,Alireza Sadjadi,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Olfa Saidi,Sibel Sakarya,Nader Saki,Benoı̂t Salanave,Luís Sardinha,Diego Salmerón,Veikko Salomaa,Jukka Salonen,Susana Sans,Ben Schöttker,Ina Santos,Lèlita Santos,Maria Santos,Rute Santos,Abhijit Sen,Giselle Sarganas,Nizal Sarrafzadegan,Thirunavukkarasu Sathish,Kenji Shibuya,Savvas Savva,Norie Sawada,Mariana Sbaraini,Beatriz Schaan,Hermán Schargrodsky,Sabine Schipf,Carsten Schmidt,Peter Schnohr,Sara Schramm,Diego Silva,Aletta Schutte,Maryam Sharafkhah,Idowu Senbanjo,Sadaf Sepanlou,Jennifer Servais,S. Shalnova,Teresa Shamah‐Levy,Seyed Shamshirgaran,Coimbatore Shanthirani,Sanjib Sharma,Jonathan Shaw,Amaneh Shayanrad,Zumin Shi,Agneta Sjöberg,Margaret Smith,Majid Shirani,Rahman Shiri,Liam Smeeth,Hung‐Kwan So,Eugène Sobngwi,Abla Sibai,Caroline Silva,Stefan Söderberg,Judith Simons,Eng Tan,Michael Sjöstróm,Angela Spinelli,Igor Spiroski,Fernanda Soares,Agustinus Soemantri,Reecha Sofat,George Stergiou,Mohammad Somi,Thorkild Sørensen,Elin Sørgjerd,Charles Sossa,Karien Stronks,Bente Sparboe-Nilsen,Karen Sparrenberger,Jan Staessen,Gregor Starc,Bill Stavreski,Peter Stehle,Aryeh Stein,Jochanan Stessman,Jutta Stieber,Doris Stöckl,Frank Tanser,Jakub Stokwiszewski,Maria Strufaldi,Xun Tang,Anne Taylor,Lutgarde Thijs,Holly Syddall,René Sylva,Moysés Szklo,E Tai,Anne Tjønneland,Yong Tao,Mohammed Tarawneh,Carolina Tarqui-Mamani,Janne Tolstrup,William Tebar,Grethe Tell,Tania Tello,Yih‐Chung Tham,Kavumpurathu Thankappan,Holger Theobald,Xenophon Theodoridis,Mikael Thinggaard,Nihal Thomas,Barbara Thorand,Betina Thuesen,Erik Timmermans,Dwi Tjandrarini,Ulla Toft,Atul Trivedi,Murat Topbaş,Roman Topór-Mądry,María Tormo,Michael Tornaritis,Elisabeth Thiering,Laura Torres‐Collado,Giota Touloumi,Peter Ueda,Αreti Triantafyllou,Dimitrios Trichopoulos,Hanno Ulmer,Lechaba Tshepo,Susana Vale,Azaliia Tuliakova,Marshall Tulloch‐Reid,Hoàng Minh,Gonzalo Valdívia,Themistoklis Tzotzas,Gilad Twig,Dirk Vanderschueren,Eunice Ugel,Hannu Uusitalo,Damaskini Valvi,Rob Dam,Bert‐Jan Born,Giovanni Veronesi,Yvonne Schouw,Koen Herck,Natasja Schoor,Elisabeth Zutphen,Jyrki Virtanen,Jesús Vioqué,Senthil Vasan,Péter Vollenweider,Toomas Veidebaum,W. Verschuren,Eira Viikari‐Juntura,César Victora,Lucie Viet,Alisha Wade,Paolo Vineis,Sophie Visvikis‐Siest,Bharathi Viswanathan,Tiina Vlasoff,Ari Voutilainen,Elvis Wambiya,Wan Bebakar,Wan Mohamud,Rildo Júnior,Peter Whincup,Li Wang,Qian Wang,Xiaojun Wang,S Wannamethee,Yingwei Wang,Nicholas Wareham,Wenbin Wei,Jean Woo,Kurt Widhalm,Andrzej Więcek,Rainford Wilks,Johann Willeit,Peter Willeit,Tom Gaunt,Bogdan Wojtyniak,Roy Wong‐McClure,Andrew Wong,Qi You,Shouling Wu,Justyna Wyszyńska,Liang Xu,Nor Yaacob,Weili Yan,Ling Yang,Yang Yang,Yasuharu Tabara,Antonis Zampelas,Esther Zimmermann,María Zapata,San‐Lin You,Vassilis Zafiropulos,Ahmad Yusoff,Seyed Zakavi,Farhad Zamani,Sabina Zambon,Yanina Zócalo,Kristýna Žejglicová,Tajana Vrkić,Yi Zeng,Johannes Leierer,Zhen‐Yu Zhang,Dong Zhao,Minghui Zhao,Shiqi Zhen,Yuan Lu,Bekbolat Zholdin,Dan Zhu,Marie Zins,Emanuel Zitt,Nada Zoghlami,Majid Ezzati,Young-Ho Khang,Indah Widyahening