Abstract

BackgroundRyanodine receptor 2 (RyR2) is one of the first substrates undergoing phosphorylation upon catecholaminergic stimulation. Yet, the role of RyR2 phosphorylation in the adrenergic response remains debated. To date, three residues in RyR2 are known to undergo phosphorylation upon adrenergic stimulation. We generated a model of RyR2 phospho-ablation of all three canonical phospho-sites (RyR2-S2031A/S2808A/S2814A, triple phospho-mutant, TPM) to elucidate the role of phosphorylation at these residues in the adrenergic response. MethodsCardiac structure and function, cellular Ca2+ dynamics and electrophysiology, and RyR2 channel activity both under basal conditions and under isoproterenol (Iso) stimulation were systematically evaluated. We used echocardiography and electrocardiography in anesthetized mice, single-cell Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell patch clamp in isolated adult cardiomyocytes, and biochemical assays. ResultsIso stimulation produced normal chronotropic and inotropic responses in TPM mice as well as an increase in the global Ca2+ transients in isolated cardiomyocytes. Functional studies revealed fewer Ca2+ sparks in permeabilized TPM myocytes, and reduced RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak in intact myocytes under Iso stimulation, suggesting that the canonical sites may regulate RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak. TPM mice also displayed increased propensity for arrhythmia. TPM myocytes were prone to develop early afterdepolarizations (EADs), which were abolished by chelating intracellular Ca2+ with EGTA, indicating that EADs require SR Ca2+ release. EADs were also blocked by a low concentration of tetrodotoxin, further suggesting reactivation of the sodium current (INa) as the underlying cause. ConclusionPhosphorylation of the three canonical residues on RyR2 may not be essential for the global adrenergic responses. However, these sites play a vital role in maintaining electrical stability during catecholamine stimulation by fine-tuning RyR2-mediated Ca2+ leak. These findings underscore the importance of RyR2 phosphorylation and a finite diastolic Ca2+ leak in maintaining electrical stability during catecholamine stimulation.