Vitamin C Drives Reentrant Actin Phase Transition: Biphasic Exocytosis Regulation Revealed by Single-Vesicle Electrochemistry

Abstract

Unveiling molecular mechanisms that dominate protein phase dynamics has been a pressing need for deciphering the intricate intracellular modulation machinery. While ions and biomacromolecules have been widely recognized for modulating protein phase separations, effects of small molecules that essentially constitute the cytosolic chemical atmosphere on the protein phase behaviors are rarely understood. Herein, we report that vitamin C (V