Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate whether the myelin content of white matter tracts is predictive of cogni–tive processing speed and whether such associations are modulated by age. Associations between myelin content and processing speed was assessed in 570 community-living individuals (277 middle-age, 293 older-age). Myelin content was measured using the mean T1w/T2w magnetic resonance ratio, in six white matter tracts (anterior corona radiata, superior corona radiata, pontine crossing tract, anterior limb of the internal capsule, genu of the corpus callosum, and splenium of the corpus callosum). Processing speed was estimated by extracting a principal component from 5 sep–arate tests of processing speed. It was found that myelin content of the bilateral anterior limb of the internal capsule and left splenium of the corpus callosum were significant predictors of processing speed, even after controlling for socio-demographic, health and genetic variables and correcting for multiple comparisons. A 1 SD increase in the myelin content of the anterior limb of the internal capsule was associated with 2.53% increase in processing speed and within the left splenium of the corpus callosum with a 2.20% increase in processing speed. In addition, significant differences in myelin content between middle-age and older participants were found in all six white matter tracts. The present results indicate that myelin content, estimated in vivo using a neuroimaging approach in healthy older adults is sufficiently precise to predict variability in processing speed in behavioural measures.

More Highly Myelinated White Matter Tracts are Associated with Faster Processing Speed in Healthy Adults