The genetics of schizophrenia and other mental disorders are complex and poorly understood, and made even harder to study because reduced reproduction rates result in negative selection pressure on risk alleles. To date, some copy number variations have been linked to schizophrenia but the studies have been relatively small. Now two independent large-scale genome-wide studies of thousands of patients and controls by two international consortia confirm a previously identified locus but also reveal novel associations. In the first study, a collaboration between SGENE and partners, de novo (spontaneous) copy number variants are reported on chromosomes 1 and 15. In the second study, by the International Schizophrenia Consortium, deletions were also reported on these chromosomes, as was greater overall frequency of copy number variation in the genome. The genetics of schizophrenia and other mental disorders are complex and poorly understood, and made even harder to study due to reduced reproduction resulting in negative selection pressure on risk alleles. Two independent large-scale genome wide studies of thousands of patients and controls by two international consortia confirm a previously identified locus, but also reveal novel associations. In this study, deletions were reported on chromosomes 1 and 15, as well as a greater overall frequency of copy number variation in the genome. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder marked by hallucinations, delusions, cognitive deficits and apathy, with a heritability estimated at 73–90% (ref. 1). Inheritance patterns are complex, and the number and type of genetic variants involved are not understood. Copy number variants (CNVs) have been identified in individual patients with schizophrenia2,3,4,5,6,7 and also in neurodevelopmental disorders8,9,10,11, but large-scale genome-wide surveys have not been performed. Here we report a genome-wide survey of rare CNVs in 3,391 patients with schizophrenia and 3,181 ancestrally matched controls, using high-density microarrays. For CNVs that were observed in less than 1% of the sample and were more than 100 kilobases in length, the total burden is increased 1.15-fold in patients with schizophrenia in comparison with controls. This effect was more pronounced for rarer, single-occurrence CNVs and for those that involved genes as opposed to those that did not. As expected, deletions were found within the region critical for velo-cardio-facial syndrome, which includes psychotic symptoms in 30% of patients12. Associations with schizophrenia were also found for large deletions on chromosome 15q13.3 and 1q21.1. These associations have not previously been reported, and they remained significant after genome-wide correction. Our results provide strong support for a model of schizophrenia pathogenesis that includes the effects of multiple rare structural variants, both genome-wide and at specific loci.

Rare chromosomal deletions and duplications increase risk of schizophrenia