Executive summary of the guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of acute heart failure: The Task Force on Acute Heart Failure of the European Society of Cardiology

Authors

Markku Nieminen

Published

January 25, 2005

Abstract

Ã Use of Class III is discouraged by the ESC. Levels of EvidenceLevel of Evidence A Data derived from multiple randomized clinical trials or meta-analyses Level of Evidence B Data derived from a single randomized clinical trial or large nonrandomized studies Level of Evidence C Consensus of opinion of the experts and/or small studies; retrospective studies and registriesFigure 1 Clinical classification of the mode of heart failure (Forrester classification).H I-IV refers to haemodynamic severity, with reference figures for CI and pulmonary capillary pressures shown on the vertical and horizontal axes, respectively.C I-IV refers to clinical severity.