Abstract

Soil quality is a composite measure of both a soil’s ability to function and how well it functions, relative to a specific use. Soil quality can be assessed using a minimum data set comprising soil attributes such as texture, organic matter, pH, bulk density, and rooting depth. Soil organic matter has particular significance for soil quality as it can influence many different soil properties including other attributes of the minimum data set. Assessment of soil organic matter is a valuable step towards identifying the overall quality of a soil and may be so informative as to be included in minimum data sets used to evaluate the world’s soils.In this review, soil organic matter is considered to encompass a set of attributes rather than being a single entity. Included among the attributes and discussed here are total soil organic carbon and nitrogen, light fraction and macroorganic (particulate) matter, mineralizable carbon and nitrogen, microbial biomass, soil carbohydrates and enzymes. These attributes are involved in various soil processes, such as those related to nutrient storage, biological activity, and soil structure, and can be used to establish different minimum data sets for the evaluation of soil organic matter quality. Key words: Biological activity, minimum data set, nutrient storage, soil organic matter, soil quality, soil structure