Significance We have used single-cell RNA sequencing to compare human cerebral organoids and fetal neocortex. We find that, with relatively few exceptions, cells in organoid cortex-like regions use genetic programs very similar to fetal tissue to generate a structured cerebral cortex. Our study is of interest, as it shows which genetic features underlying human cortical development can be accurately studied in organoid culture systems. This is important because although cerebral organoids have great promise for modeling human neurodevelopment, the extent to which organoids recapitulate neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation networks in vivo remained unclear.

Human cerebral organoids recapitulate gene expression programs of fetal neocortex development