The similarities and differences between the disease mechanisms underlying the sporadic and familial forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS; Lou Gehrig's disease) are poorly characterized. Using human astrocytes derived from neural progenitor cells obtained from cadaveric spinal cords, Haidet-Phillips et al. propose that sporadic and familial ALS share common pathogenic pathways involving astrocyte-mediated damage. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal motor neuron disease, with astrocytes implicated as contributing substantially to motor neuron death in familial (F)ALS1,2,3,4,5. However, the proposed role of astrocytes in the pathology of ALS derives in part from rodent models of FALS based upon dominant mutations within the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, which account for <2% of all ALS cases2,4,5. Their role in sporadic (S)ALS, which affects >90% of ALS patients, remains to be established. Using astrocytes generated from postmortem tissue from both FALS and SALS patients, we show that astrocytes derived from both patient groups are similarly toxic to motor neurons. We also demonstrate that SOD1 is a viable target for SALS, as its knockdown significantly attenuates astrocyte-mediated toxicity toward motor neurons. Our data highlight astrocytes as a non–cell autonomous component in SALS and provide an in vitro model system to investigate common disease mechanisms and evaluate potential therapies for SALS and FALS.

Astrocytes from familial and sporadic ALS patients are toxic to motor neurons