Hepatic etiologies are the most frequent cause of death in the late posttransplant setting. Immunosuppression changes and antiviral treatments in the current era of transplantation may impact the frequency of liver‐related deaths. In addition to malignancy and cardiovascular disease, renal failure is an important and escalating cause of death in the late posttransplant setting. Diabetes and renal insufficiency both pre‐LT and post‐LT are key factors in long‐term survival after LT. Understanding risk factors for cause‐specific mortality can provide targets for therapeutic interventions that may impact long‐term mortality. Investigations into the effects of diligent medical management of diabetes, hypertension and renal insufficiency on long‐term morbidity and mortality in the current era of LT are needed.

Evolution of Causes and Risk Factors for Mortality Post‐Liver Transplant: Results of the NIDDK Long‐Term Follow‐Up Study