Memory CD8+ T Cells Use Cell-Intrinsic Lipolysis to Support the Metabolic Programming Necessary for Development

Abstract

Generation of CD8+ memory T cells requires metabolic reprogramming that is characterized by enhanced mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation (FAO). However, where the fatty acids (FA) that fuel this process come from remains unclear. While CD8+ memory T cells engage FAO to a greater extent, we found that they acquired substantially fewer long-chain FA from their external environment than CD8+ effector T (Teff) cells. Rather than using extracellular FA directly, memory T cells used extracellular glucose to support FAO and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), suggesting that lipids must be synthesized to generate the substrates needed for FAO. We have demonstrated that memory T cells rely on cell intrinsic expression of the lysosomal hydrolase LAL (lysosomal acid lipase) to mobilize FA for FAO and memory T cell development. Our observations link LAL to metabolic reprogramming in lymphocytes and show that cell intrinsic lipolysis is deterministic for memory T cell fate.