Commensal bacteria regulate the growth and differentiation of intestinal epithelial cells. Deregulated growth compromises the efficacy of critical repair pathways, and promotes tissue dysplasia and tumorigenesis. Despite the importance of bacteria-derived cues for tissue homeostasis, we know little about how intestinal commensals directly influence stem cell division programs. In this study, we examined the effects of common fly symbionts on tissue growth and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila intestine. We identified the cell wall of Lactobacillus brevis as a potent stimulator of Notch-deficient tumor growth. Our work uncovered a complex feed-forward loop between tumor growth and intestinal colonization by L. brevis. Mechanistically, we showed that L. brevis disrupts the expression and apicobasal distribution of integrins in intestinal progenitors, and supports an increase in stem cell numbers characterized by elevated numbers of symmetric stem cell divisions. Collectively, this work highlights host-commensal interactions that influence intestinal growth and stem cell division.

Symbiotic Lactobacillus brevis promote stem cell expansion and tumorigenesis in the Drosophila intestine.