Recent Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection confers a predisposition to the development of tuberculosis disease, the leading killer among global infectious diseases. H4:IC31, a candidate subunit vaccine, has shown protection against tuberculosis disease in preclinical models, and observational studies have indicated that primary bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination may offer partial protection against infection.

Prevention of M. tuberculosis Infection with H4:IC31 Vaccine or BCG Revaccination