treatment, thereby reducing the difference in treatment results among different institutions; (3) to reduce unnecessary costs and efforts; (4) help enable people to undergo treatment without anxiety.These guidelines provide only guidance on the indications for treatment and do not restrict or prohibit the use of any treatment deviating from those described herein. ResponsibilitiesThe Japan Esophageal Society assumes responsibility for the content described in these guidelines.However, responsibility for the treatment results should be borne by the doctor providing the treatment and shall not rest with the Japan Esophageal Society.Basic principles adopted for the preparation of these guidelines These guidelines only present indications for the treatment procedures and do not address the technical problems of each treatment modality.The principles of presenting adequate treatment procedures include the following:

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Carcinoma of the Esophagus April 2012 edited by the Japan Esophageal Society