Analysis of heat and mass transfer on nanofluid: An application of hybrid fractal-fractional derivative

Abstract

Fractional order derivatives are often regarded as extremely complex mathematical instruments that may be used to find practical solutions in numerous fields of engineering and science. This article examined the non-linear Casson fluid fractional order model because of the widespread use of fractional derivatives. In the different physical situations of mass transfer, the temperature gradient force affects the mass flux. In this situation, lightweight molecules move to the region of higher temperature, and heavy molecules move to the region of lower temperature. The governing equations in the equations of the present flow model are partial differential equations (PDEs), where the temperature, velocity, and concentration distributions are calculated numerically using the Crank–Nicolson method. Furthermore, the graphs of the field of interest are used to illustrate the physical characteristics of material parameters and flow parameters.