Abstract

Significance In a few milliliters of blood from a cancer patient, one can isolate a few circulating tumor cells (CTCs). Originating from the primary tumor, CTCs seed metastases, which account for the majority of cancer-related deaths. We demonstrate the analyses of the whole genome of single CTCs, which are highly needed for personalized treatment. We discovered that copy number variations (CNVs), one of the major genomic variations, are specific to cancer types, reproducible from cell to cell, and even from patient to patient. We hypothesize that CNVs at certain genomic loci are selected for and lead to metastasis. Our work shows the prospect of noninvasive CTC-based cancer diagnostics.