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Multimessenger observations of a flaring blazar coincident with high-energy neutrino IceCube-170922A

Authors
Mark Aartsen,M. Ackermann
Jenni Adams,J. Aguilar,M. Ahlers,Maryon Ahrens,Imen Samarai,David Altmann,K. Andeen,Tyler Anderson,Isabelle Ansseau,G. Anton,C. Argüelles,J. Auffenberg,Spencer Axani,H. Bagherpour,X. Bai,J. Barron,S. Barwick,Volker Baum,R. Bay,J. Beatty,Karl Becker,J. Tjus,S. BenZvi,D. Berley,E. Bernardini,D. Besson,G. Binder,D. Bindig,E. Blaufuss,S. Blot,C. Böhm,Mathis Boerner,Fabian Bos,Sebastian Boeser,O. Botner,Etienne Bourbeau,J. Bourbeau,Federica Bradascio,Jim Braun,M. Brenzke,Hans-Peter Bretz,S. Bron,Jannes Brostean-Kaiser,A. Burgman,Raffaela Busse,T. Carver,E. Cheng,D. Chirkin,A. Christov,K. Clark,Lew Classen,S. Coenders,Gabriel Collin,J. Conrad,Paul Coppin,Pablo Correa,Doug Cowen,R. Cross,Pranav Dave,Melanie Day,J. André,C. Clercq,James DeLaunay,Hans Dembinski,Sam DeRidder,P. Desiati,K. Vries,G. Wasseige,Meike DeWith,T. DeYoung,J. Díaz–Vélez,V. Lorenzo,Hrvoje Dujmović,Jonathan Dumm,M. Dunkman,Emily Dvorak,B. Eberhardt,Thomas Ehrhardt,Bjorn Eichmann,P. Eller,P. Evenson,S. Fahey,A. Fazely,John Felde,Kirill Filimonov,C. Finley,S. Flis,A. Franckowiak,Elizabeth Friedman,Alexander Fritz,T. Gaisser,Jay Gallagher,L. Gerhardt,K. Ghorbani,Theo Glauch,T. Gluesenkamp,A. Goldschmidt,Javier González,Darren Grant,Zachary Griffith,C. Haack,A. Hallgren,F. Halzen,K. Hanson,D. Hebecker,David Heereman,K. Helbing,Robert Hellauer,Stephanie Hickford,Joshua Hignight,G. Hill,Kara Hoffman,R. Hoffmann,Tobias Hoinka,Benjamin Hokanson-Fasig,Kotoyo Hoshina,F. Huang,M. Huber,K. Hultqvist,Mirco Huennefeld,Raamis Hussain,Seongjin In,N. Iovine,A. Ishihara,E. Jacobi,G. Japaridze,Minjin Jeong,Kyle Jero,B. Jones,P. Kalaczyński,W. Kang,A. Kappes,David Kappesser,T. Karg,A. Karle,U. Katz,M. Kauer,A. Keivani,J. Kelley,Ali Kheirandish,Jonghyun Kim,M. Kim,T. Kintscher,J. Kiryluk,T. Kittler,S. Klein,R. Koirala,H. Kolanoski,L. Koepke,C. Kopper,Sandro Kopper,Jan Koschinsky,D. Koskinen,M. Kowalski,K. Krings,M. Kroll,Gerald Krueckl,S. Kunwar,Naoko Neilson,T. Kuwabara,Alexander Kyriacou,M. Labare,J. Lanfranchi,Michael Larson,F. Lauber,K. Leonard,M. Lesiak-Bzdak,M. Leuermann,Qinrui Liu,Cristian Mariscal,L. Lu,J. Luenemann,William Luszczak,J. Madsen,Giuliano Maggi,Kendall Mahn,S. Mancina,R. Maruyama,Keiichi Mase,Ryan Maunu,K. Meagher,Morten Medici,Maximilian Meier,Thorben Menne,O. López,Thomas Meures,S. Miarecki,Jessie Micallef,G. Momenté,T. Montaruli,M. Morello,R. Morse,Marjon Moulai,R. Nahnhauer,P. Nakarmi,Uwe Naumann,G. Neer,H. Niederhausen,Sarah Nowicki,Dave Nygren,A. Pollmann,Alex Olivas,Aongus Murchadha,Erin O’Sullivan,Tomasz Palczewski,H. Pandya,D. Pankova,Peter Peiffer,James Pepper,C. Heros,D. Pieloth,E. Pinat,M. Plum,Buford Price,G. Przybylski,Christoph Raab,Leif Raedel,M. Rameez,L. Rauch,Katherine Rawlins,I. Rea,R. Reimann,B. Relethford,Matt Relich,W. Rhode,Wolfgang Rhode,Mike Richman,Sally Robertson,M. Rongen,C. Rott,Tim Ruhe,D. Ryckbosch,D. Rysewyk,Ibrahim Safa,Tobias Saelzer,Sebastian Sánchez,Alexander Sandrock,J. Sandroos,Marcos Santander,Sourav Sarkar,S. Sarkar,Konstancja Satalecka,P. Schlunder,Torsten Schmidt,A. Schneider,S. Schoenen,S. Schöneberg,L. Schumacher,Stephen Sclanfani,D. Seckel,S. Seunarine,Jan Soedingrekso,Dennis Soldin,Ming Song,G. Spiczak,Christian Spiering,J. Stachurska,M. Stamatikos,T. Stanev,A. Stasik,Robert Stein,J. Stettner,A. Steuer,T. Stezelberger,R. Stokstad,A. Stoeßl,N. Strotjohann,Thomas Stuttard,G. Sullivan,M. Sutherland,I. Taboada,J. Tatar,F. Tenholt,Samvel Ter-Antonyan,Andrii Terliuk,Serap Tilav,Pat Toale,M. Tobin,Christoph Toennis,S. Toscano,Delia Tosi,Maria Tselengidou,C. Tung,A. Turcati,Colin Turley,Bunheng Ty,L. Unger,Marcel Usner,Ward Driessche,D. Eijk,S. Vallecorsa,J. Vandenbroucke,Sander Vanheule,Jakob Santen,E. Vogel,M. Vraeghe,C. Walck,A. Wallace,M. Wallraff,F. Wandler,N. Wandkowsky,Aatif Waza,Chris Weaver,Matthew Weiss,Chris Wendt,Johannes Werthebach,S. Westerhoff,B. Whelan,N. Whitehorn,Klaus Wiebe,C. Wiebusch,Logan Wille,Dawn Williams,L. Wills,Martin Wolf,Joshua Wood,T. Wood,K. Woschnagg,D. Xu,Xianwu Xu,Yiqian Xu,Juan Yáñez,G. Yodh,S. Yoshida,Tianlu Yuan,S. Abdollahi,Marco Ajello,R. Angioni,L. Baldini,J. Ballet,G. Barbiellini,Denis Bastieri,K. Bechtol,R. Bellazzini,B. Berenji,E. Bissaldi,R. Blandford,R. Bonino,E. Bottacini,J. Bregeon,P. Bruel,R. Buehler,T. Burnett,Eric Burns,S. Buson,R. Cameron,R. Caputo,P. Caraveo,E. Cavazzuti,E. Charles,Sina Chen,C. Cheung,J. Chiang,Graziano Chiaro,S. Ciprini,J. Cohen-Tanugi,D. Costantin,S. Cutini,F. D’Ammando,F. Palma,S. Digel,Niccolò Lalla,Mattia Mauro,L. Venere,A. Domínguez,C. Favuzzi,Y. Fukazawa,S. Funk,P. Fusco,F. Gargano,D. Gasparrini,N. Giglietto,M. Giomi,P. Giommi,F. Giordano,M. Giroletti,T. Glanzman,David Green,I. Grenier,Marie-Hélène Grondin,S. Guiriec,A. Harding,M. Hayashida,Liz Hays,John Hewitt,D. Horan,G. Jóhannesson,M. Kadler,S. Kensei,D. Kocevski,F. Krauß,M. Kreter,M. Kuss,G. Mura,S. Larsson,L. Latronico,Marianne Lemoine-Goumard,Jian Li,Francesco Longo,F. Loparco,Michael Lovellette,P. Lubrano,Jeffrey Magill,S. Maldera,D. Malyshev,Alberto Manfreda,M. Mazziotta,J. McEnery,M. Meyer,P. Michelson,Tsunefumi Mizuno,M. Monzani,A. Morselli,I. Moskalenko,Michela Negro,E. Nuss,Roopesh Ojha,N. Omodei,M. Orienti,E. Orlando,M. Palatiello,Vaidehi Paliya,J. Perkins,Massimo Persic,Melissa Pesce-Rollins,F. Piron,T. Porter,G. Principe,S. Rainò,Riccardo Rando,B. Rani,M. Razzano,S. Razzaque,A. Reimer,O. Reimer,Nicolas Renault-Tinacci,Steve Ritz,Leon Rochester,P. Parkinson,C. Sgrò,E. Siskind,G. Spandre,P. Spinelli,D. Suson,H. Tajima,Mitsunari Takahashi,Yasuyuki Tanaka,Jana Thayer,David Thompson,L. Tibaldo,D. Torres,E. Torresi,G. Tosti,E. Troja,J. Valverde,G. Vianello,M. Vogel,K. Wood,Matthew Wood,G. Zaharijaš,J. Kushida,Stefano Ansoldi,L. Antonelli,Cornelia Arcaro,Dominik Baack,A. Babić,B. Banerjee,P. Bangale,U. Almeida,J. Barrio,J. González,W. Bednarek,A. Berti,W. Bhattacharyya,A. Biland,O. Blanch,G. Bonnoli,R. Carosi,A. Carosi,Giovanni Ceribella,A. Chatterjee,S. Colak,P. Colin,E. Colombo,J. Contreras,J. Cortina,S. Covino,P. Cumani,P. Vela,F. Dazzi,Alessandro Angelis,B. Lotto,M. Delfino,J. Delgado,F. Pierro,D. Prester,D. Dorner,M. Doro,S. Einecke,D. Elsäesser,V. Ramazanı,A. Fernández-Barral,D. Fidalgo,Luca Foffano,K. Pfrang,M. Fonseca,L. Font,C. Fruck,D. Galindo,S. Gallozzi,R. López,Markus Garczarczyk,M. Gaug,P. Giammaria,N. Godinović,D. Góra,D. Guberman,D. Hadasch,Alexander Hahn,T. Hassan,J. Herrera,J. Hose,Dario Hrupec,Susumu Inoue,Kazuma Ishio,Y. Konno,Hidetoshi Kubo,Damira Lelas,E. Lindfors,S. Lombardi,Marcos López,C. Maggio,P. Majumdar,M. Makariev,G. Maneva,M. Manganaro,K. Mannheim,Laura Maraschi,M. Mariotti,M. Martı́nez,Shu Masuda,D. Mazin,M. Minev,Jose Miranda,Razmik Mirzoyan,A. Moralejo,V. Moreno,E. Moretti,T. Nagayoshi,V. Neustroev,Andrzej Niedzwiecki,M. Rosillo,Cosimo Nigro,K. Nilsson,D. Ninci,K. Nishijima,K. Noda,Leyre Nogués,S. Paiano,J. Palacio,David Paneque,R. Paoletti,J. Paredes,G. Pedaletti,M. Peresano,P. Moroni,E. Prandini,Ivica Puljak,Jezabel Rodriguez,I. Reichardt,M. Ribó,J. Rico,Chiara Righi,Andrea Rugliancich,T. Saito,Thomas Schweizer,J. Sitarek,Iva Šnidarić,D. Sobczyńska,A. Stamerra,Marcel Strzys,Tihomir Surić,F. Tavecchio,P. Temnikov,T. Terzić,M. Teshima,N. Torres-Albà,Aldo Treves,Shimpei Tsujimoto,G. Vanzo,M. Acosta,Ievgen Vovk,J. Ward,Martin Will,Darko Zarić,A. Franceschini,F. Lucarelli,M. Tavani,G. Piano,Imma Donnarumma,C. Pittori,F. Verrecchia,A. Bulgarelli,P. Cattaneo,Sergio Colafrancesco,E. Costa,Guido Cocco,Attilio Ferrari,F. Gianotti,A. Giuliani,P. Lipari,S. Mereghetti,L. Pacciani,Franco Paoletti,N. Parmiggiani,A. Pellizzoni,P. Picozza,M. Pilia,A. Rappoldi,A. Trois,S. Vercellone,V. Vittorini,A. Albert,R. Alfaro,C. Alvarez,R. Arceo,Juan Velázquez,D. Rojas,H. Solares,A. Becerril,Ernesto Belmont-Moreno,Abel Bernal,K. Caballero‐Mora,T. Capistrán,A. Carramiñana,S. Casanova,M. Castillo,Umberto Cotti,J. Cotzomi,Sara León,C. León,Eduardo Fuente,S. Dichiara,Brenda Dingus,M. DuVernois,Juan Velez,R. Ellsworth,Kristi Engel,D. Fiorino,Henrike Fleischhack,N. Fraija,J. García-González,F. Garfias,Maria González,Adiv Muñoz,J. Goodman,Z. Hampel-Arias,J. Harding,Sergio Cadena,B. Hona,F. Hueyotl‐Zahuantitla,C. Hui,P. Húntemeyer,A. Iriarte,Armelle Jardin-Blicq,Vikas Joshi,S. Kaufmann,Gerd Kunde,A. Lara,Robert Lauer,William Lee,Dirk Lennarz,H. Vargas,J. Linnemann,Anna Longinotti,Gilgamesh Luis-Raya,R. Luna-García,K. Malone,S. Marinelli,O. Martı́nez,Israel Castellanos,H. Martínez-Huerta,J. Martínez-Castro,J. Matthews,P. Miranda-Romagnoli,E. Moreno,M. Mostafá,A. Nayerhoda,L. Nellen,M. Newbold,Mehr Nisa,R. Noriega-Papaqui,R. Pelayo,John Pretz,Eucario Pérez,Zhixiang Ren,C. Rho,Colas Rivière,D. Rosa‐González,Matthew Rosenberg,E. Ruiz-Velasco,Enrique Ruiz-Velasco,F. Greus,A. Sandoval,M. Schneider,H. Schoorlemmer,G. Sinnis,Andrew Smith,R. Springer,P. Surajbali,O. Tibolla,Kirsten Tollefson,I. Torres,L. Villaseñor,T. Weisgarber,Felix Werner,T. Yapici,A. Zepeda,H. Zhou,Juan Romero,H. Abdalla,E. Angüner,C. Armand,Michael Backes,Y. Becherini,D. Berge,M. Böttcher,C. Boisson,J. Bolmont,S. Bonnefoy,P. Bordas,F. Brun,M. Büchele,T. Bulik,S. Caroff,M. Cerruti,N. Chakraborty,S. Chandra,A. Chen,S. Colafrancesco,I. Davids,C. Deil,J. Devin,A. Djannati-Ataı̈,K. Egberts,G. Emery,S. Eschbach,A. Fiasson,G. Fontaine,M. Füßling,Y. Gallant,F. Gaté,D. Glawion,J. Glicenstein,D. Gottschall,M.-H. Grondin,M. Haupt,G. Henri,J. Hinton,C. Hoischen,T. Holch,David Huber,M. Jamrozy,D. Jankowsky,F. Jankowsky,L. Jouvin,I. Jung-Richardt,W. Kluźniak,B. Khélifi,J. King,S. Klepser,Nu. Komin,M. Kraus,J. Lefaucheur,A. Lemière,M. Lemoine-Goumard,J.-P. Lenain,E. Leser,T. Lohse,R. López-Coto,M. Lorentz,I. Lypova,V. Marandon,G. Martí-Devesa,G. Maurin,Alison Mitchell,R. Moderski,M. Mohamed,L. Mohrmann,E. Moulin,T. Murach,M. Naurois,F. Niederwanger,J. Niemiec,L. Oakes,P. O’Brien,S. Ohm,M. Ostrowski,R. Mirzoyan,M. Panter,R. Parsons,C. Perennes,Q. Piel,S. Pita,V. Poireau,A. Noel,H. Prokoph,G. Pühlhofer,A. Quirrenbach,S. Raab,R. Rauth,M. Renaud,Frank Rieger,L. Rinchiuso,C. Romoli,Gavin Rowell,B. Rudak,D. Sanchez⋆,M. Sasaki,R. Schlickeiser,F. Schüßler,A. Schulz,U. Schwanke,M. Seglar-Arroyo,N. Shafi,R. Simoni,H. Sol,C. Stegmann,C. Steppa,T. Tavernier,A. Taylor,D. Tiziani,C. Trichard,M. Tsirou,C. Eldik,C. Rensburg,B. Soelen,J. Veh,P. Vincent,F. Voisin,S. Wagner,R. Wagner,A. Wierzcholska,R. Zanin,A. Zdziarski,A. Zech,A. Ziegler,J. Zorn,Natalia Żywucka,V. Savchenko,C. Ferrigno,A. Bazzano,R. Diehl,E. Kuulkers,P. Laurent,L. Natalucci,F. Panessa,J. Rodi,P. Ubertini,Tomoki Morokuma,K. Ohta,Hiroki Mori,M. Yamanaka,Koji Kawabata,Yousuke Utsumi,Tatsuya Nakaoka,Miho Kawabata,Hiroki Nagashima,M. Yoshida,Yoshiki Matsuoka,R. Itoh,William Keel,C. Copperwheat,I. Steele,S. Cenko,P. Evans,D. Fox,J. Kennea,Francis Marshall,J. Osborne,A. Tohuvavohu,Douglas Cowen,A. Abeysekara,A. Archer,W. Benbow,R. Bird,Aryeh Brill,Robert Brose,Matthew Buchovecky,James Buckley,Viatcheslav Bugaev,Jodi Christiansen,Michael Connolly,Wei Cui,M. Daniel,M. Errando,A. Falcone,Q. Feng,J. Finley,L. Fortson,A. Furniss,O. Gueta,Moritz Hütten,O. Hervet,Gareth Hughes,T. Humensky,C. Johnson,Philip Kaaret,P. Kar,N. Kelley-Hoskins,Mary Kertzman,D. Kieda,Maria Krause,F. Krennrich,S. Kumar,M. Lang,Tony Lin,G. Maier,Steven McArthur,P. Moriarty,R. Mukherjee,Daniel Nieto,Stephen O’Brien,R. Ong,A. Otte,Nahee Park,A. Petrashyk,M. Pohl,A. Popkow,E. Pueschel,J. Quinn,K. Ragan,P. Reynolds,G. Richards,E. Roache,C. Rulten,I. Sadeh,Skyler Scott,G. Sembroski,K. Shahinyan,I. Sushch,Samuel Trépanier,Jonathan Tyler,V. Vassiliev,Scott Wakely,A. Weinstein,R. Wells,P. Wilcox,Alina Wilhelm,D Williams,B. Zitzer,Alexandra Tetarenko,Amy Kimball,J. Miller‐Jones,G. Sivakoff,Daniel Bertrand,M. Day
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Jul 12, 2018
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Abstract

Individual astrophysical sources previously detected in neutrinos are limited to the Sun and the supernova 1987A, whereas the origins of the diffuse flux of high-energy cosmic neutrinos remain unidentified. On 22 September 2017 we detected a high-energy neutrino, IceCube-170922A, with an energy of approximately 290 TeV. Its arrival direction was consistent with the location of a known gamma-ray blazar TXS 0506+056, observed to be in a flaring state. An extensive multi-wavelength campaign followed, ranging from radio frequencies to gamma-rays. These observations characterize the variability and energetics of the blazar and include the first detection of TXS 0506+056 in very-high-energy gamma-rays. This observation of a neutrino in spatial coincidence with a gamma-ray emitting blazar during an active phase suggests that blazars may be a source of high-energy neutrinos.

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