Trends in polyacrylamide utilization and treatment for hydraulic fracturing

Abstract

Abstract Polyacrylamide (PAM) and its derivatives play a pivotal role in various facets of hydrocarbon development. Proper application and treatment of PAM have the potential to enhance hydrocarbon production efficiency while mitigating adverse environmental effects. This perspective highlights the growing concerns surrounding the increased challenges associated with PAM treatment, particularly driven by the increasing usage of PAM during the transition in extraction sites from conventional to unconventional reservoirs. We delineate current limitations in existing materials and technologies employed for PAM treatment and propose key recommendations as crucial avenues for improvement. These recommendations include exploring green polymer alternatives and fluid systems, conducting pre-assessments of chemical selections, adopting advanced membrane filtration and biological treatment materials and technologies. The primary objective of this perspective is to draw attention to the current issues in PAM utilization and treatment, providing contemporary solutions for more sustainable hydrocarbon extraction.