smORFing for Calcium Genomes contain thousands of small open reading frames (smORFs), short DNA sequences coding for peptides of less than 100 amino acids. Magny et al. (p. 1116 , published on 22 August) describe two smORF-encoded peptides of less than 30 amino acids regulating calcium transport and, hence, regular heart contraction, in the fruit fly Drosophila . These peptides seem to have been conserved for more than 550 million years in a range of species from flies to humans, where they have been implicated in severe heart diseases. Such conservation suggests that smORFs might be an ancient part of our functional genome.

Conserved Regulation of Cardiac Calcium Uptake by Peptides Encoded in Small Open Reading Frames