Significance Rhodnius prolixus is a major vector of Chagas disease, an illness caused by Trypanosoma cruzi which affects approximately 7 million people worldwide. This report describes the first genome sequence of a nondipteran insect vector of an important human parasitic disease. This insect has a gene repertoire substantially distinct from dipteran disease vectors, including immune signaling pathways that display major departures from the canonical network. Large gene expansions related to chemoreception, feeding, and digestion have facilitated triatomine adaptation to a blood-feeding lifestyle. This study provides information about the physiology and evolution of an important disease vector that will boost understanding of transmission of a life-threatening parasite and may lead to the development of innovative control methods.

Genome of Rhodnius prolixus , an insect vector of Chagas disease, reveals unique adaptations to hematophagy and parasite infection