Abstract Electrochemical synthesis of H 2 O 2 through a selective two-electron (2e − ) oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is an attractive alternative to the industrial anthraquinone oxidation method, as it allows decentralized H 2 O 2 production. Herein, we report that the synergistic interaction between partially oxidized palladium (Pd δ+ ) and oxygen-functionalized carbon can promote 2e − ORR in acidic electrolytes. An electrocatalyst synthesized by solution deposition of amorphous Pd δ+ clusters (Pd 3 δ+ and Pd 4 δ+ ) onto mildly oxidized carbon nanotubes (Pd δ+ -OCNT) shows nearly 100% selectivity toward H 2 O 2 and a positive shift of ORR onset potential by ~320 mV compared with the OCNT substrate. A high mass activity (1.946 A mg −1 at 0.45 V) of Pd δ+ -OCNT is achieved. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure characterization and density functional theory calculations suggest that the interaction between Pd clusters and the nearby oxygen-containing functional groups is key for the high selectivity and activity for 2e − ORR.

Promoting H2O2 production via 2-electron oxygen reduction by coordinating partially oxidized Pd with defect carbon