Abstract

Background: CD8+ T cells are critical for the oncogenesis and progression of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor microenvironment, receiving antigen signals from antigen-presenting cells and directly contributing to antitumor responses. Summary: CD8+ T cells mediate immunogenic cell death, facilitate immune signal transmission, and play a significant role in various treatments, including surgery, transarterial chemoembolization, and immunotherapy. Extensive research on the role of CD8+ T cells within the HCC microenvironment has shown considerable progress. Immunometabolic targets on CD8+ T cells have demonstrated potential in combination with immunotherapies for HCC; however, they have not yet reached the clinical trial stage. Key messages: This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent research on immune and immunometabolic targets of CD8+ T cells within the HCC microenvironment. By highlighting advances and potential mechanisms, this review aims to support the development of effective clinical strategies in this field.