Abstract

Background/Objectives: Short tandem repeat (STR) loci are widely used in forensic genetics for identification and kinship analysis. Traditionally, these loci were selected to avoid medical associations, but recent studies suggest that loci such as TH01 and D16S539 may be linked to psychiatric conditions like schizophrenia. This study explores these potential associations and considers the privacy implications related to disease susceptibility. Methods: We analyzed 19 STR loci, including CODIS core loci and additional loci like Penta D and Penta E. Statistical analyses were conducted on a dataset of schizophrenia patients and matched control individuals to assess the relationship between STR polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk. Results: No significant associations were found between the 19 analyzed loci and schizophrenia in this dataset. While initial analyses revealed minor allele frequency differences at the D3S1358, D13S317, and TPOX loci between the schizophrenia and control groups, these differences did not retain statistical significance following Bonferroni correction (corrected p < 0.0026 for all loci). Conclusions: Although no significant associations were found between STR loci and schizophrenia, this study highlights the importance of considering the potential for forensic DNA data to reveal health-related information. As forensic DNA databases continue to expand, there is a growing need to reassess ethical and legal guidelines to ensure the protection of individual privacy. Future research should continue exploring these genetic associations with larger, more diverse samples to further understand their implications.