Characteristics of co-infection and secondary infection amongst critically ill COVID-19 patients in the first two waves of the pandemic

Maurizio Cecconi,Jan Waele,Andrew Morris,Élie Azoulay,Massimo Antonelli,Giuseppe Citerio,František Duška,Paul Elbers,Ari Ercole,Sharon Einav,Lui Forni,Laurą Galarza,Armand Girbes,Giacomo Grasselli,Jozef Kesecioğlu,Andrea Lavinio,Maria Delgado,Johannes Mellinghoff,Sheila Myatra,Marlies Ostermann,Mariangela Pellegrini,Stefan Schaller,Jean–Louis Teboul,Adrian Wong,Harm-Jan Groot,Massimiliano Greco,Pedro Póvoa,Marco Bezzi,Alicia Gira,Philipp Eller,Tarikul Hamid,Injamam Haque,Wim Buyser,Antonella Cudia,Daniel Backer,Pierre Foulon,Vincent Collin,Jolien Hecke,Elisabeth Waele,Claire Malderen,Jean-Baptiste Mesland,Michaël Piagnerelli,Lionel Haentjens,Nicolas Schryver,Jan Leemput,Pierre Bulpa,Viktoria Ilieva,David Katz,Anna Geagea,Alexandra Binnie,Fernando Tirapegui,Gustavo Lago,Jerónimo Graf,Rodrigo Perez-Araos,Patricio Vargas,Felipe Martínez,Eduardo Labarca,Daniel Franco,Daniela Parra-Tanoux,Luis Reyes,David Yepes,Filip Periš,Sanda Stipić,Cynthia Burgos,Paulo Boada,Jose Brun,Juan Ballesteros,Ahmed Hammouda,Omar Elmandouh,Ahmed Azzam,Aliae Hussein,Islam Galal,Ahmed Awad,Mohammed Azab,Maged Abdalla,Hebatallah Assal,Mostafa Alfishawy,Sherief Ghozy,Samar Tharwat,Abdullah Eldaly,Veronika Reinhard,Anne Chrisment,Chrystelle Poyat,Julio Badié,Fernando Ferrari,Björn Weiß,Karl Kuhn,J Julius,Marco Lorenz,Peter Spieth,Marc Bota,Falk Fichtner,Kristina Fuest,Tobias Lahmer,Johannes Herrmann,Patrick Meybohm,Νικόλαος Μάρκου,Georgia Vasileiadou,Evangelia Chrysanthopoulou,Panagiotis Papamichalis,Ioanna Soultati,Sameer Jog,Kushal Kalvit,Ivan Krupa,Aisa Tharwat,Alistair Nichol,Aine McCarthy,Ata Mahmoodpoor,Tommaso Tonetti,Paolo Isoni,Savino Spadaro,Carlo Volta,Lucia Mirabella,Alberto Noto,Gaetano Florio,Amedeo Guzzardella,Chiara Paleari,Federica Baccanelli,Marzia Savi,Barbara Vaccarini,Giorgia Montrucchio,Gabriele Sales,Katia Donadello,Leonardo Gottin,Enrico Polati,Silvia Rosa,Demet Sulemanji,Abdurraouf Abusalama,Muhammed Elhadi,Montelongo Jesus,Daniel González,Nancy Canedo,Alejandro Chavez,Tarek Dendane,Bart Grady,Ben Jong,Eveline Heiden,Patrick Thoral,Peter Spronk,Sefanja Achterberg,Melanie Groeneveld,Ralph So,Harm Scholten,Albertus Beishuizen,Alexander Cornet,Auke Reidinga,Hetty Kranen,Roos Mensink,Sylvia Boer,Marcel Groot,Oliver Beck,Carina Bethlehem,Bas Bussel,Tim Frenzel,Celestine Jong,Rob Wilting,Jannet Mehagnoul-Schipper,Datonye Alasia,Ashok Kumar,Ahad Qayyum,Muhammad Rana,Mustafa Jayyab,Rosario Sierra,Aaron Hernandez,Lúcia Taborda,Tiago Ramires,Catarina Silva,Patrícia Patrício,Lurdes Santos,Vasco Costa,Pedro Cunha,Celina Gonçalves,Sandra Nunes,João Camões,Diana Adrião,Ana Oliveira,Ali Omrani,Muna Maslamani,Abdurrahmaan elbuzidi,Bara qudah,Abdel Akkari,Mohamed Alkhatteb,Anas Baiou,Mohamed Alwraidat,Ibrahim Saif,Dana Bakdach,Amna Ahmed,Mohamed Aleef,Awadh Bintaher,Cristina Petrisor,Е. Попов,Mariia Dementienko,Boris Teplykh,Pyregov Pyregov,Liubov Davydova,Belskii Vladislav,Elena Neporada,Svetlana Meshchaninova,Д. Соколов,Е. Гаврилова,Irena Shlyk,Igor Poliakov,Ohoud Bлacoвa,Felwa Humaid,Yaseen Arabi,Omar Elrabi,Madihah Alghnam,Amit Kansal,Vui Ho,Jensen Ng,Raquel García,Xiana Fraga,Ma García-Bonillo,Antonio Padilla-Serrano,Marta Cuadrado,Carlos Ferrando,Ignacio Catalan-Monzon,Fernando Frutos‐Vivar,Jorge Jiménez,Carmen Rodríguez-Solis,Enric Franquesa-Gonzalez,Guillermo Acosta,Luciano Santana-Cabrera,Juan Parra,Francisco Gonzalez,Maria Conesa,Ignacio Varela,Orville Pravia,M.C. Delgado,Carlos Cabo,A Ioan,César Pérez–Calvo,Arnoldo Santos,Ane Abad-Motos,Javier Ripollés–Melchor,Belén Martin,Santiago Teruel,Juan Lucas,Aaron Ortíz,Raúl Pablo,Jesús Barrueco-Francioni,Lorena Espina,José Bonell-Goytisolo,Iñigo Salaverria,Antònia Socías,Emilio Rodríguez‐Ruiz,Virginia Valverde,Patricia Cubero,F. Linde,Nieves Leganes,Juan Romeu,Pablo Concha,José Berezo-García,Virginia Fraile,Cristina Cuenca-Rubio,David Pérez-Torres,Ainhoa Serrano,Clara Valero,Andrea Suñer,Leire Larrañaga,Noemi Legaristi,Gerardo Ferrigno,Safa Khlafalla,Rosita Bihariesingh-Sanchit,Frank Zoerner,Jonathan Grip,Kristina Kilsand,Jonas Österlind,Magnus Seth,Johan Berkius,Samuele Ceruti,Andrea Glotta,Şeval İzdeş,Işıl Turan,Ahmet Cosar,Burçin Halaçlı,Necla Dereli,Mehmet Yılmaz,Türkay Akbaş,Gülseren Elay,Selin Eyüpoğlu,Yelíz Bílír,Kemal Saraçoğlu,Ebru Kaya,Ayça Şahin,Pervin Ekren,Tuğçe Mengi,Kezban Süner,Yakup Tomak,Ahmet Eroğlu,Asad Alsabbah,Katie Hanlon,Kevin Gervin,Sean McMahon,Samantha Hagan,Caroline Higenbottam,Randeep Mullhi,Lottie Poulton,Tomasz Torliński,Allen Gareth,Nick Truman,Gopal Vijayakumar,Chris Hall,Alasdair Jubb,Lenka Cagova,Nicola Jones,Sam Graham,Nicole Robin,Amanda Cowton,Adrian Donnelly,Natalia Singatullina,Melanie Kent,Carole Boulanger,Zoë Campbell,Elizabeth Potter,Orinta Kviatkovske,Nandor Marczin,Caroline Ellis,Rajnish Saha,Chunda Sri-Chandana,John Allan,Lana Mumelj,Harish Venkatesh,Vera Gotz,Anthony Cochrane,Nuttha Lumlertgul,Barbara Ficial,Susan Jain,Giulia Crapelli,Aikaterini Vlachou,David Golden,Sweyn Garrioch,Jeremy Henning,Gupta Loveleena,Miriam Davey,Lina Grauslyte,Erika Šalčiūtė-Šimėnė,Martin Cook,Danny Barling,P. Broadhurst,Sarah Purvis,Spivey Michael,Benjamin Shuker,Irina Grecu,Daniel Harding,James Dean,Nathan Nielsen,Sama Al-Bayati,Mohammed Al‐Sadawi,Mariane Charron,Peter Stubenrauch,Jairo Santanilla,Catherine Wentowski,Dorothea Rosenberger,Polikseni Eksarko,Randeep Jawa,Julien Mayaux,Jean‐Louis Teboul,Marco Ranieri