This paper revisits and shows comprehensive femoral access site anatomy with a combination of images obtained from detailed cadaveric dissection, fluoroscopy, computed tomography, ultrasound, and 3-dimensional printings. Part 2 focuses on the fluoroscopic anatomy, pelvic cavity, and complications. In addition, a file for 3-dimensional printing is provided. Profound understanding of this region is fundamental to facilitate safe procedures and to avoid unnecessary complications.

Understanding Cardiac Anatomy and Imaging to Improve Safety of Procedures