Abstract

The thermal properties of nanofluids are crucial across various industries, particularly for efficient heat dissipation, which is key to optimising performance. This study examines the heat transfer characteristics of a steady, two-dimensional radiative flow of blood-containing carbon nanotube particles along a curved, stretched surface. The analysis emphasises the behaviour of a magnetised micropolar nanofluid, favouring hybrid nanofluid flow over an extended, curved surface. A mathematical formulation for the flow equations is developed using curvilinear coordinates. The non-similarity method reduces the governing partial differential equations to nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These are solved numerically using the BVP4C solver, which applies a three-stage Lobatto method. Results for the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt number are presented in tabular form. The study reveals that the temperature profile increases with higher values of magnetic field, Eckert numbers, radiation, and heat source parameters. As the heat source (Q) increases, the Nusselt number for SWCNT + Blood increases. As Q increases from 0.5 to 1.0, the Nusselt number increases by 12.16%; from Q = 1.0 to Q = 1.5 increases by 7.84%, and from Q = 1.5 to Q = 2.0 increases by 7.40%. For SWCNT + MWCNT + Blood, the Nusselt number also rises by around 5.10%, 4.42% and 4.43%.