Multifunctional theranostic platform coupling diagnostic and therapeutic functions holds great promise for personalized nanomedicine. Nevertheless, integrating consistently high performance in one single agent is still challenging. This work synthesized a sort of porphyrin derivatives (P) with high singlet oxygen generation ability and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) possessing good fluorescence properties. The P was conjugated to polyethylene glycol (PEG)ylated and aptamer-functionalized GQDs to gain a multifunctional theranostic agent (GQD-PEG-P). The resulting GQD-PEG-P displayed good physiological stability, excellent biocompatibility and low cytotoxicity. The intrinsic fluorescence of the GQDs could be used to discriminate cancer cells from somatic cells, whereas the large surface facilitated gene delivery for intracellular cancer-related microRNA (miRNA) detection. Importantly, it displayed a photothermal conversion efficiency of 28.58% and a high quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation up to 1.08, which enabled it to accomplish advanced photothermal therapy (PTT) and efficient photodynamic therapy (PDT) for cancer treatment. The combined PTT/PDT synergic therapy led to an outstanding therapeutic efficiency for cancer cell treatment.

Aptamer-Conjugated Graphene Quantum Dots/Porphyrin Derivative Theranostic Agent for Intracellular Cancer-Related MicroRNA Detection and Fluorescence-Guided Photothermal/Photodynamic Synergetic Therapy