Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen responsible for Japanese encephalitis (JE) clinical cases in Asia and the Western Pacific. Non-JE-vaccinated patients can develop potentially life-threatening neurologic forms. Case Summary Here, we present two severe, non-fatal JEV cases in returning travelers from Cambodia (Case 1) and Cambodia and Vietnam (Case 2), imported to France in 2023–2024. Neither patient was vaccinated, and both presented neurologic symptoms requiring hospitalization. Cases were confirmed by RT-qPCR, IgM, and IgG rise and seroneutralization. Interestingly, this is the second report to describe the detection of the JEV genome in urine by RT-qPCR. Conclusion This study highlights the critical importance of JE vaccination and the implementation of other personal protective measures to avoid mosquito bites when traveling to a JEV-endemic region.