Abstract

In this study, we present a two-dimensional dynamic model for incompressible flows to investigate the mechanisms that determine the dynamic transition and structure of granulation convection in the solar photosphere near the equator. First, we establish the critical value of the Rayleigh number, which represents the necessary condition for the occurrence of granulation convection. This critical value is determined by affirming the validity of the Principle of Exchange of Stabilities conditions within our dynamic model. Second, we study the dynamic transition of the dynamic model from the perspective of the Phase transition dynamics established by Ma and Wang [18]. Our results show that the dynamic model experiences a continuous transition, where the system bifurcates from a basic steady-state to an attractor $$\Sigma _{\lambda }$$ , each element of which represents a distinct structure of granulation convection.