The global epidemiology and health burden of the autism spectrum: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Ana Herrera,Paul Miller,Jamileh Shadid,Hailey Hagins,Isaac Addo,Qorinah Adnani,Bright Ahinkorah,Ayman Ahmed,Fadwa Alhalaiqa,Mohammed Ali,Sabah Al-Marwani,Joseph Almazan,Sami Almustanyir,Farrukh Alvi,Yasser Amer,Edward Ameyaw,Sohrab Amiri,Cătălina Andrei,Dhanalakshmi Angappan,Catherine Antony,Aleksandr Aravkin,Tahira Ashraf,José Ayuso‐Mateos,Amadou Barrow,Kavita Batra,Maryam Bemanalizadeh,Akshaya Bhagavathula,Sonu Bhaskar,Jasvinder Bhatti,Srinivasa Bolla,Gabrielle Britton,João Castaldelli-Maia,Ferrán Catalá-López,Arthur Caye,Vijay Chattu,Yuen Chong,Liliana Ciobanu,Samuele Cortese,Natália Martins,Berihun Dachew,Xiaochen Dai,Amira Darwish,Mohsen Dashti,Alejandro Torre-Luque,Daniel Díaz,Delaney Ding,Angel Dy,Arkadiusz Dziedzic,Sepideh Meimand,Omar Meligy,Iman Sayed,Frank Elgar,Adeniyi Fagbamigbe,Pawan Faris,André Faro,Nuno Ferreira,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Aravind Gandhi,Balasankar Ganesan,Miglas Gebregergis,Mesfin Gebrehiwot,Bardiya Yazdi,Mohammad‐Reza Ghasemi,Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh,Sasidhar Gunturu,Veer Gupta,Vivek Gupta,Sobia Halim,Brian Hall,Fulei Han,Josep Haro,Ahmed Hasaballah,Simon Hay,Darren Hedley,Bartosz Helfer,Md Hossain,Bing‐Fang Hwang,Umar Ibrahim,Mehran Ilaghi,Md. Islam,Sheikh Islam,Mahalaxmi Iyer,Khushleen Jaggi,Haitham Jahrami,Elham Jamshidi,Ali Khaleghi,Abdul Khan,Mohammad Khan,Feriha Khidri,Kwanghyun Kim,Hyun Koh,Manasi Kumar,Iván Landires,Long Le,Seung Lee,Zhihui Li,Stephen Lim,Jose Martinez-Raga,Roy Marzo,Indu Matthew,Andrea Maugeri,Tomislav Meštrović,Philip Mitchell,Salahuddin Mohammed,Ali Mokdad,Lorenzo Monasta,Fateme Montazeri,Matías Mrejen,Faraz Mughal,Christopher Murray,Woojae Myung,Javaid Nauman,Charles Newton,Huong Nguyen,Chisom Nri-Ezedi,Vincent Nwatah,Adeolu Oladunjoye,Isaac Olufadewa,Michał Ordak,Nikita Otstavnov,Raúl Palma-Álvarez,Romil Parikh,Seoyeon Park,Maja Pasovic,Jay Patel,Marcos Pereira,Maria Pereira,Michael Phillips,Guilherme Polanczyk,Mohammad Pourfridoni,Jagadeesh Puvvula,Amir Radfar,Fakher Rahim,Mosiur Rahman,Muhammad Rahman,Amir Rahmani,Masoud Rahmati,Zubair Ratan,Taeho Rhee,Luca Ronfani,Priyanka Roy,Basema Saddik,Amene Saghazadeh,Joseph Sakshaug,Sana Salehi,Vijaya Samuel,Senthilkumar Sankararaman,Aswini Saravanan,Maheswar Satpathy,Austin Schumacher,David Schwebel,Mario Šekerija,Arman Shafiee,Saeed Shahabi,Muhammad Shamim,João Silva,Yonatan Solomon,Lourdes Sumpaico-Tanchanco,Chandan Swain,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Mohamad‐Hani Temsah,Samuel Tromans,Lilian Tzivian,Ravi Varma,Andrés Veloz,María Vinueza‐Veloz,Mandaras Tariku,Muhammad Waqas,Nuwan Wickramasinghe,Renjulal Yesodharan,Dong Yon,Yoosik Youm,Burhan Zaman,Youjie Zeng,Magdalena Zielińska,Harvey Whiteford,Traolach Brugha,James Scott,Theo Vos,Alize Ferrari,Muhammad Usman,José Ayuso-Mateos,Mohammadreza Ghasemi