Abstract

Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic multisystemic autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, including the lacrimal and salivary glands, leading to dry eye disease and dry mouth [1]. SS may occur alone (primary SS) or as part of other chronic inflammatory diseases (secondary SS). According to a meta-analysis, the global prevalence of primary SS is 0.06%, and 90% of the patients are women [2]. Furthermore, it has been found that about 10% of patients with dry eye disease also suffer from SS, and about two-thirds of these patients remain undiagnosed, with an average diagnostic delay of as long as 10 years [2].