Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly correlated with gendered, genetic, environmental, or psychological factors. Recently, with an escalating number of depression-related studies, interest has focused on the role of intestinal microbiota in MDD pathogenesis. This research indicates that gut microbiota directly or indirectly influences brain function through diverse mechanisms regulating stress, anxiety, and depression. Studies indicate communication between the intestines and brain via neural, immune, and metabolic pathways. These imply a noteworthy correlation between alterations in gut microbiota and MDD. Hence, the study's potential role in understanding the regulatory mechanism of gut microbiota in MDD occurrence and its relation to probiotic antidepressive mechanisms could deliver a novel therapeutic perspective for treating depression.