Abstract

The significance of co-inoculation of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in crop development is understudied.A wirehouse experiment in Pakistan examined how PGPR-inoculated wheat seedlings affected growth and yield.The experimental design included four treatments: T 0 (control), T 1 (Azospirillum lipoferum), T 2 (Agrobacterium fabrum), and T 3 (co-inoculation).This study examined development, growth, and wheat yield.Co-inoculation increased wheat grain output by 36%, grains per plant by 11%, and 1000-grain weight by 17% compared to the non-inoculated reference.Crop growth increased by 6.3% during tillering and 37% at flowering.T 3 outperformed T 1 and T 2 inoculations by 9% and 14%, respectively.Compared to the control treatment, co-inoculation increased leaf epicuticular wax and relative water content.In essence, inoculating wheat seeds with A. lipoferum and A. fabrum separately and together may improve wheat growth, yield, and quality.This research provides essential information for improving agricultural methods to preserve and increase crop output.