Stephen Rich and colleagues report the discovery and fine mapping of type 1 diabetes susceptibility loci using the Immunochip. They also perform comparative analyses with 15 other immune disorders and find evidence of colocalization of causal variants with lymphoid gene enhancers. Genetic studies of type 1 diabetes (T1D) have identified 50 susceptibility regions1,2, finding major pathways contributing to risk3, with some loci shared across immune disorders4,5,6. To make genetic comparisons across autoimmune disorders as informative as possible, a dense genotyping array, the Immunochip, was developed, from which we identified four new T1D-associated regions (P < 5 × 10−8). A comparative analysis with 15 immune diseases showed that T1D is more similar genetically to other autoantibody-positive diseases, significantly most similar to juvenile idiopathic arthritis and significantly least similar to ulcerative colitis, and provided support for three additional new T1D risk loci. Using a Bayesian approach, we defined credible sets for the T1D-associated SNPs. The associated SNPs localized to enhancer sequences active in thymus, T and B cells, and CD34+ stem cells. Enhancer-promoter interactions can now be analyzed in these cell types to identify which particular genes and regulatory sequences are causal.