Abstract Biosynthesis and biodegradation of microorganisms critically underpin the development of biotechnology, new drugs and therapies, and environmental remediation. However, the vast majority of uncultured microbial species along with their metabolic capacities in extreme environments remain obscured. To unravel the metabolic potential of these microbial dark matters (MDMs), we investigated four deep-inland hypersaline lakes with largely diversified environmental parameters in Xinjiang, China. Metagenomic binning obtained 3,030 metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) spanning 82 phyla, of which 2,363 MAGs could not be assigned to a known genus. MDM MAGs were abundantly observed with distinct taxa among lakes, possibly linked to the diversification of physiochemical conditions. Analysis of biosynthetic potentials identified 9,635 biosynthesis gene clusters (BGCs), in which 8,966 BGCs considered novel. We found that some MDM phyla consistently comprised enriched BGCs, which were considered to play essential roles in biotechnological applications. In addition, biodegradation potentials such as dehalogenation, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), and plastics degradation were found in new microbial clades from hypersaline lakes. These findings substantially expanded the genetic repository of biosynthesis and biodegradation potentials, which can further assist the development of new and innovative applications in biotechnology. Graphical abstract Highlights ver 3,000 MAGs obtained from hypersaline lakes that enriching genomic resources. 8,000+ potential biosynthetic gene clusters in uncultured microbes. biodegradation potential in several microbial dark matter lineages. insights for biotechnology, environmental management applications. and resilient microorganisms in extreme environments.