Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ) senses and responds to host-derived gasotransmitters NO and CO via heme-containing sensor kinases DosS and DosT and the response regulator DosR. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an important signaling molecule in mammals, but its role in Mtb physiology is unclear. We have previously shown that exogenous H 2 S can modulate expression of genes in the Dos dormancy regulon via an unknown mechanism(s). Here, we tested the hypothesis that Mtb senses and responds to H 2 S via the DosS/T/R system. Using UV-Vis and EPR spectroscopy, we show that H 2 S binds directly to the ferric (Fe 3+ ) heme of DosS (K D = 5.64 µM) but not the ferrous (Fe 2+ ) form. No interaction with DosT was detected. Thus, the mechanism by which DosS senses H 2 S is different from that for sensing NO and CO, which bind only the ferrous forms of DosS and DosT. Steered Molecular Dynamics simulations show that H 2 S, and not the charged HS - species, can enter the DosS heme pocket. We also show that H 2 S increases DosS autokinase activity and subsequent phosphorylation of DosR, and H 2 S-mediated increases in Dos regulon gene expression is lost in Mtb lacking DosS. Finally, we demonstrate that physiological levels of H 2 S in macrophages can induce Dos regulon genes via DosS. Overall, these data reveal a novel mechanism whereby Mtb senses and responds to a third host gasotransmitter, H 2 S, via DosS-Fe3 + . These findings highlight the remarkable plasticity of DosS and establish a new paradigm for how bacteria can sense multiple gasotransmitters through a single heme sensor kinase. Significance Statement Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) is an important signaling molecule in eukaryotes and bacteria, and along with CO and NO, is an important part of host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( Mtb ). However, the mechanism(s) by which Mtb senses and responds to H 2 S is unknown. Here, we report that the Mtb heme sensor kinase DosS, a known sensor of CO and NO, is also a sensor of H 2 S. We found that H 2 S binds DosS in its ferric (Fe 3+ ) state, which is considered as its inactive state, to induce the Dos dormancy regulon during infection. These data highlight the unusual capacity of Mtb to sense multiple gasotransmitters through a single sensing protein.