In Drosophila, olfactory sensory neurons project to spatially invariant loci (glomeruli) and stereotyped circuitry is maintained in projections to a brain centre thought to mediate innate behaviours; here it is shown that neurons of the mushroom body, a centre that translates olfactory information into learned behaviours, integrate input from an apparently random combination of glomeruli, which could allow the fly to contextualize novel sensory experiences. Some odours elicit fixed, innate behavioural responses, based on stereotyped neuronal circuits — or 'labelled lines' — that form direct links to the deeper layers of the brain. It has been suggested that less stereotyped circuits allow other odours to acquire their behavioural 'valence' based on individual experience, but such randomness is harder to demonstrate than structure. Now Richard Axel and colleagues have used sophisticated tracing of neural connectivity in the fruitfly to show that projections from the peripheral olfactory system to the associative memory centre in the mushroom bodies are largely random, which may allow the animal to contextualize new sensory experiences. The mushroom body in the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster is an associative brain centre that translates odour representations into learned behavioural responses1. Kenyon cells, the intrinsic neurons of the mushroom body, integrate input from olfactory glomeruli to encode odours as sparse distributed patterns of neural activity2,3. We have developed anatomic tracing techniques to identify the glomerular origin of the inputs that converge onto 200 individual Kenyon cells. Here we show that each Kenyon cell integrates input from a different and apparently random combination of glomeruli. The glomerular inputs to individual Kenyon cells show no discernible organization with respect to their odour tuning, anatomic features or developmental origins. Moreover, different classes of Kenyon cells do not seem to preferentially integrate inputs from specific combinations of glomeruli. This organization of glomerular connections to the mushroom body could allow the fly to contextualize novel sensory experiences, a feature consistent with the role of this brain centre in mediating learned olfactory associations and behaviours.