The sub-retina, composed of the choroid and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), bears a critical role in proper vision. In addition to phagocytosis of photoreceptor debris, the RPE shuttles oxygen and nutrients to the neuroretina. For their own energy production, RPE cells mainly rely on lactate, a major by-product of glycolysis. Lactate in turn is believed to convey most of its biological effects via the HCAR1 receptor. Here, the lactate-specific receptor, HCAR1, is found to be exclusively expressed in the RPE cells within the sub-retina and that Hcar1-/- mice exhibit a substantially thinner choroidal vasculature during development. Notably, the angiogenic properties of lactate on the choroid are impacted by the absence of Hcar1. HCAR1-deficient mice exhibit elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress along with eIF2α phosphorylation, a significant decrease in the global protein translation rate, and a lower proliferation rate of choroidal vasculature. Strikingly, inhibition of the Integrated Stress Response using an inhibitor which reverses the effect of eIF2α phosphorylation (ISRIB), restores protein translation and rescues choroidal thinning. These results provide evidence that lactate signalling via HCAR1 is important for choroidal development/angiogenesis and highlight the importance of this receptor in establishing mature vision.