A new class of peptides, mambalgins, is isolated from the African snake the black mamba, which can abolish pain through inhibition of particular subtypes of acid-sensing ion channels expressed either in central or peripheral neurons. This paper reports the isolation of a new class of peptides from the African black mamba snake that can abolish pain through the inhibition of particular subtypes of acid-sensing channel (ASIC) expressed either in central or peripheral neurons. These peptides — called mambalgins — are as effective as morphine when it comes to pain relief but are nontoxic in mice and do not induce tolerance or respiratory distress. Their effect differs from the analgesia associated with previously identified animal peptides that can block ASICs, whose action involves activation of the enkephalin system. Polypeptide toxins have played a central part in understanding physiological and physiopathological functions of ion channels1,2. In the field of pain, they led to important advances in basic research3,4,5,6 and even to clinical applications7,8. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) are generally considered principal players in the pain pathway9, including in humans10. A snake toxin activating peripheral ASICs in nociceptive neurons has been recently shown to evoke pain11. Here we show that a new class of three-finger peptides from another snake, the black mamba, is able to abolish pain through inhibition of ASICs expressed either in central or peripheral neurons. These peptides, which we call mambalgins, are not toxic in mice but show a potent analgesic effect upon central and peripheral injection that can be as strong as morphine. This effect is, however, resistant to naloxone, and mambalgins cause much less tolerance than morphine and no respiratory distress. Pharmacological inhibition by mambalgins combined with the use of knockdown and knockout animals indicates that blockade of heteromeric channels made of ASIC1a and ASIC2a subunits in central neurons and of ASIC1b-containing channels in nociceptors is involved in the analgesic effect of mambalgins. These findings identify new potential therapeutic targets for pain and introduce natural peptides that block them to produce a potent analgesia.