Lrig1, a transmembrane glycoprotein, has previously been shown to inhibit ErbB signalling. Jensen and colleagues show that Lrig1 controls the size of the intestinal stem-cell niche by modulating the amplitude of ErbB signalling. Thus, ErbB activation acts in concert with Wnt, Notch and Bmpr inhibition, to modulate stem-cell proliferation in the crypt. Maintenance of adult tissues is carried out by stem cells and is sustained throughout life in a highly ordered manner1,2. Homeostasis within the stem-cell compartment is governed by positive- and negative-feedback regulation of instructive extrinsic and intrinsic signals3,4. ErbB signalling is a prerequisite for maintenance of the intestinal epithelium following injury and tumour formation5,6. As ErbB-family ligands and receptors are highly expressed within the stem-cell niche7, we hypothesize that strong endogenous regulators must control the pathway in the stem-cell compartment. Here we show that Lrig1, a negative-feedback regulator of the ErbB receptor family8,9,10, is highly expressed by intestinal stem cells and controls the size of the intestinal stem-cell niche by regulating the amplitude of growth-factor signalling. Intestinal stem-cell maintenance has so far been attributed to a combination of Wnt and Notch activation and Bmpr inhibition11,12,13. Our findings reveal ErbB activation as a strong inductive signal for stem-cell proliferation. This has implications for our understanding of ErbB signalling in tissue development and maintenance and the progression of malignant disease.