Acanthamoeba castellanii, cause of keratitis and blindness, is an emerging pathogen because of its association with contact lens use. The cyst wall contributes to pathogenesis as cysts are resistant to sterilizing reagents in lens solutions and to antibiotics applied to the eye. We used transmission electron microscopy, as well as structured illumination microscopy and probes for cellulose and chitin, to show that purified cyst walls of A. castellanii retain an outer ectocyst layer, an inner endocyst layer, and conical ostioles that connect the layers. Mass spectrometry showed candidate cyst wall proteins are dominated by three families of lectins (named here Luke, Leo, and Jonah), each of which binds to microcrystalline cellulose and to a lesser degree chitin. A Jonah lectin, which has one choice-of-anchor A (CAA) domain, localizes to the ectocyst layer of mature cyst walls. Luke lectins, which have two or three carbohydrate-binding modules (CBM49), localize to the endocyst layer and ostioles. A Leo lectin, which has two domains with eight Cys residues each (8-Cys), also localizes to the endocyst layer and ostioles. In summary, the most abundant A. castellanii cyst wall proteins are three sets of lectins, which have carbohydrate-binding modules that are conserved (CBM49s of Luke), newly characterized (CAA of Jonah), or unique to Acanthamoebae (8-Cys of Leo). Despite their lack of common ancestry, Luke and Leo lectins both localize to the endocyst layer and ostioles, while the Jonah lectin localizes to the ectocyst layer.