We show that the Nakayama automorphism of a Frobenius algebra $R$ over afield $k$ is independent of the field (Theorem 4). Consequently, the $k$-dualfunctor on left $R$-modules and the bimodule isomorphism type of the $k$-dualof $R$, and hence the question of whether $R$ is a symmetric $k$-algebra, areindependent of $k$. We give a purely ring-theoretic condition that is necessaryand sufficient for a finite-dimensional algebra over an infinite field to be asymmetric algebra (Theorem 7). Key words: Nakayama automorphism, Frobenius algebra, Frobenius ring,symmetric algebra, dual module, dual functor, bimodule, Brauer Equivalence.