Clinical evidence suggests a potentially causal interaction between sleep and affective brain function; nearly all mood disorders display co-occurring sleep abnormalities, commonly involving rapid-eye movement (REM) sleep [1Benca R.M. Obermeyer W.H. Thisted R.A. Gillin J.C. Sleep and psychiatric disorders. A meta-analysis.Arch. Gen. Psychiatry. 1992; 49: 651-668Crossref PubMed Scopus (1272) Google Scholar, 2Benca R.M. Okawa M. Uchiyama M. Ozaki S. Nakajima T. Shibui K. Obermeyer W.H. Sleep and mood disorders.Sleep Med. Rev. 1997; 1: 45-56Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (111) Google Scholar, 3Walker M.P. van der Helm E. Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.Psychol. Bull. 2009; 135: 731-748Crossref PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar, 4Harvey A.G. Sleep and circadian rhythms in bipolar disorder: seeking synchrony, harmony, and regulation.Am. J. Psychiatry. 2008; 165: 820-829Crossref PubMed Scopus (416) Google Scholar]. Building on this clinical evidence, recent neurobiological frameworks have hypothesized a benefit of REM sleep in palliatively decreasing next-day brain reactivity to recent waking emotional experiences [5Walker M.P. The role of sleep in cognition and emotion.Ann. N Y Acad. Sci. 2009; 1156: 168-197Crossref PubMed Scopus (584) Google Scholar, 6Levin R. Nielsen T.A. Disturbed dreaming, posttraumatic stress disorder, and affect distress: a review and neurocognitive model.Psychol. Bull. 2007; 133: 482-528Crossref PubMed Scopus (434) Google Scholar]. Specifically, the marked suppression of central adrenergic neurotransmitters during REM (commonly implicated in arousal and stress), coupled with activation in amygdala-hippocampal networks that encode salient events, is proposed to (re)process and depotentiate previous affective experiences, decreasing their emotional intensity [3Walker M.P. van der Helm E. Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.Psychol. Bull. 2009; 135: 731-748Crossref PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar]. In contrast, the failure of such adrenergic reduction during REM sleep has been described in anxiety disorders, indexed by persistent high-frequency electroencephalographic (EEG) activity (>30 Hz) [7Maloney K.J. Cape E.G. Gotman J. Jones B.E. High-frequency gamma electroencephalogram activity in association with sleep-wake states and spontaneous behaviors in the rat.Neuroscience. 1997; 76: 541-555Crossref PubMed Scopus (202) Google Scholar, 8Cape E.G. Jones B.E. Differential modulation of high-frequency gamma-electroencephalogram activity and sleep-wake state by noradrenaline and serotonin microinjections into the region of cholinergic basalis neurons.J. Neurosci. 1998; 18: 2653-2666PubMed Google Scholar, 9Berridge C.W. Foote S.L. Effects of locus coeruleus activation on electroencephalographic activity in neocortex and hippocampus.J. Neurosci. 1991; 11: 3135-3145PubMed Google Scholar, 10Keane P.E. Candy J.M. Bradley P.B. The role of endogenous catecholamines in the regulation of electrocortical activity in the encephale isole cat.Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 1976; 41: 561-570Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (19) Google Scholar]; a candidate factor contributing to hyperarousal and exaggerated amygdala reactivity [3Walker M.P. van der Helm E. Overnight therapy? The role of sleep in emotional brain processing.Psychol. Bull. 2009; 135: 731-748Crossref PubMed Scopus (658) Google Scholar, 11Spoormaker V.I. Montgomery P. Disturbed sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder: secondary symptom or core feature?.Sleep Med. Rev. 2008; 12: 169-184Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (384) Google Scholar, 12Raskind M.A. Peskind E.R. Hoff D.J. Hart K.L. Holmes H.A. Warren D. Shofer J. O'Connell J. Taylor F. Gross C. et al.A parallel group placebo controlled study of prazosin for trauma nightmares and sleep disturbance in combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder.Biol. Psychiatry. 2007; 61: 928-934Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (424) Google Scholar, 13Etkin A. Wager T.D. Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia.Am. J. Psychiatry. 2007; 164: 1476-1488Crossref PubMed Scopus (2327) Google Scholar]. Despite these neurobiological frameworks, and their predictions, the proposed benefit of REM sleep physiology in depotentiating neural and behavioral responsivity to prior emotional events remains unknown. Here, we demonstrate that REM sleep physiology is associated with an overnight dissipation of amygdala activity in response to previous emotional experiences, altering functional connectivity and reducing next-day subjective emotionality.