Abstract Marine algae are responsible for half of the world’s primary productivity, but this critical carbon sink is often constrained by insufficient iron. One species of marine algae, Dunaliella tertiolecta , is remarkable for its ability to maintain photosynthesis and thrive in low-iron environments. A related species, Dunaliella salina Bardawil, shares this attribute but is an extremophile found in hyper-saline environments. To elucidate how algae manage their iron requirements, we produced high-quality genome assemblies and transcriptomes for both species to serve as a foundation for a comparative multi-omics analysis. We identified a host of iron-uptake proteins in both species, including a massive expansion of transferrins and a novel family of siderophore-iron uptake proteins. Complementing these multiple iron-uptake routes, ferredoxin functions as a large iron reservoir that can be released by induction of flavodoxin. Proteomic analysis revealed reduced investment in the photosynthetic apparatus coupled with remodeling of antenna proteins by dramatic iron-deficiency induction of TIDI1, an LHCA-related protein found also in other chlorophytes. These combinatorial iron scavenging and sparing strategies make Dunaliella unique among photosynthetic organisms. Significance Statement Despite their small size, microalgae play a huge role in CO 2 uptake via photosynthesis, and represent an important target for climate crisis mitigation efforts. Most photosynthesis proteins require iron as a co-factor so that insufficient iron often limits algal CO 2 sequestration. With this in mind, we examined a genus of microalgae called Dunaliella that is exceptionally well-adapted to low iron environments. We produced complete genomes, transcriptomes, and proteomes for two species of Dunaliella that hail from radically different environments: one from coastal ocean waters and the other from salt flats. We identified dozens of genes and multiple, complementary strategies that both species utilize for iron-uptake and management that explain Dunaliella’s remarkable ability to thrive on low iron.