The nightshades (Solanaceae) are one of the most economically important plant families used as food crops, horticultural resources as well as medicines. The family is globally distributed and currently includes 106 genera and c. 2700 species. More about the family is discovered every day, with much ongoing research taking place across the globe. In the past 2.5 years alone, 3 new genera and 80 new species have been described in Solanaceae (e.g., Orejuela & al., 2022; Dillon, 2023; Wang & al., 2024), several genomes, pangenomes and even a super-pangenome have been published (e.g., Tang & al., 2022; Bozan & al., 2023; Li & al., 2023; Lin & al., 2023; Wu & al., 2023a), and new morphological features have been discovered such as tuberous roots in tribe Physalideae (Wang & al., 2024) and resin glands in Solanum (da Silva-Sampaio & al., 2021). To celebrate and advance our knowledge of the family, we are pleased to announce a virtual special issue in Taxon entitled "Solanaceae IX: Systematics, genomics, and evolution". We invite submissions across a diverse list of topics with a submission deadline on the 28th of February 2025. The special issue will be virtual, which means that articles will be released as soon as they are accepted and brought together into a virtual issue once all articles are published. Manuscripts can be submitted to Taxon with a reference to the Special issue on Solanaceae in the cover letter. All manuscript types are accepted (research articles, review articles, perspectives, and nomenclatural papers). The theme of the special issue is purposely broad to include any biological advances in the family. We encourage submissions of high-quality and of global interest manuscripts, focused on the nightshade family, whether in the field of taxonomy, nomenclature, phylogenetics/phylogenomics, phylogeography, morphology, anatomy, reproductive biology, development, genomics, cytogenetics, cytogenomics, phytochemistry, metabolomics, paleobotany, and biogeography. Below we outline the main themes of interest to the special issue. Genomic resources are fast accumulating in Solanaceae (Sanatombi, 2024). Genomic data is helping us to understand the genetic control of morphological traits (e.g., He & al., 2023) and to create tools for more effective crop breeding (Wu & al., 2023b; Martina & al., 2024). Data from chromosome studies and cytogenetics is accumulating with the potential to provide a perspective for interpreting genome evolution and organization (Deanna & al., 2022). Beyond this, cytogenomic studies are integrating molecular cytogenetic data and genomics to comprehensively characterize genome variations and identify more accurately the genomic changes associated with ploidy events (Bombarely & al., 2016; He & al., 2018). The increased ease of sequencing has enabled us to gain a much more detailed and nuanced understanding of the evolutionary relationships within Solanaceae over the past years (e.g., Gagnon & al., 2022; Powell & al., 2022; Huang & al., 2023; Messeder & al., 2024). More is still to be learned about the intricate relationships between populations, species, genera, and tribes across the family. Increased sampling is revealing new relationships or confirming old ones and has revealed frequent cases of discordance within the nuclear genome or between the organellar and nuclear genomes. These modern, densely sampled phylogenies provide insights into the biological processes that underlie lineage diversification in Solanaceae. In terms of morphology, nothing is out of reach from the nightshades. The family includes a diverse array of plants, from desert herbs (e.g., Nolana) to epiphytes (e.g., Doselia) and large trees (e.g., some species of Solanum, Sessea). Careful anatomical studies are still needed to fully understand morphological structures, their potential function, and their homology (e.g., da Silva Sampaio & al., 2021; Figueroa Falcão & al., 2003). Morphological studies have been linked more recently to phytochemistry and human use. Phytochemical research in Solanaceae has largely focused on two secondary metabolites, tropane alkaloids and glycoalkaloids, both economically important and useful for humans. Micromorphology and histochemistry have gained popularity in discovering the function of particular structures, like trichomes (e.g., Munien & al., 2015). Phytochemistry continues to attract much research interest, with recent findings revealing the evolution of tropane alkaloid biosynthesis genes (e.g., Yang & al., 2023; Zhang & al., 2023), describing the toxicity of saponins in some nightshade genera (e.g, Lima Bezerra & al., 2023), and the potentially new uses of glycoalkaloids in human medicine or as pesticides (Zhao & al., 2021; Ostreikova & al., 2022). Underlying many of the above biological advances is our knowledge and understanding of the morphological and taxonomic diversity of the family. With new genera still discovered in Solanaceae, we have not yet reached the plateau and more new diversity is expected to be described in the coming years. Along with new species and genera being described, nomenclatural changes and typifications are taking place with new combinations and proposals to conserve particular names being published (e.g., Barboza & al., 2016; Pretz & Deanna, 2020; Alaria & al., 2022), that are all essential for achieving stable nomenclature in the family. Multiple sources of evidence have been considered to resolve taxonomic conflicts in Solanaceae, from phylogenetics to morphology and biogeography. Progress is being made in mapping morphology onto the phylogenies (e.g., Hilgenhof & al., 2023), building a global taxonomic synthesis of the family (https://about.worldfloraonline.org/tens/solanaceaesource-org), and completing large floristic accounts (e.g., Palchetti & al., 2020; Brazil Flora Group, 2022). Biogeographic studies have allowed us to reconstruct events that have shaped the distribution of the nightshades (e.g., Dupin & al., 2017; Tovar & al., 2021; Backes & al., 2023). Coupling these studies with fossil evidence has provided us with a much-enhanced understanding of the evolutionary history of Solanaceae through time (e.g., Deanna & al., 2023). Our ability to use nightshades in breeding programmes depends on our understanding of the reproductive biology of the plants and the genotype-to-phenotype interaction. Studies of self-compatibility, pollination and dispersal biology, breeding systems, and seed germination are much needed and continue to reveal interesting mechanisms and differences between closely related species (e.g., Falcão & al., 2016). Developmental studies aim to discover the genes and genetic pathways behind particular traits, including the mechanisms that control the establishment of specialized cell types, tissues, and organs during the life of a plant – these studies are revealing the genes underlying the evolution of new features (e.g., Hernández-Ciro & Pabón-Mora, 2021; He & al., 2024; Satterlee & al., 2024).