Abstract In preclinical studies the anti-inflammatory drug colchicine, which has never been tested in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, enhanced the expression of autophagy factors and inhibited accumulation of Transactive response DNA binding Protein 43 kDa (TDP-43), a known histopathological marker of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial, enrolled patients with probable or definite amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who experienced symptoms onset within the past 18 months. Patients were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to receive colchicine at a dose of 0.005 mg/kg/day, 0.01 mg/kg/day or placebo for a treatment period of 30 weeks. The number of positive responders, defined as patients with a decrease lesser than 4 points in the Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) total score during the 30 weeks treatment period, was the primary outcome. Disease progression, survival, safety and quality of life at the end of treatment were the secondary clinical outcome. Secondary biological outcomes included changes from baseline to treatment end of stress granule and autophagy responses, (TDP-43), neurofilament accumulation and extracellular vesicles secretion, between colchicine and placebo groups. Fifty-four patients were randomized to receive colchicine (n=18 for each colchicine arm) or placebo (n=18). The number of positive responders did not differ between placebo and colchicine groups: 2 out of 18 patients (11.1%) in placebo group; 5 out 18 patients (27.8%) in colchicine 0.005 mg/kg/day group (OR=3.1, 97.5%CI 0.4 to 37.2, p=0.22) and in 1 out 18 patients (5.6%) in colchicine 0.01 mg/kg/day group (OR=0.5, 97.5%CI 0.01 to 10.2, p=0.55). During treatment, a slower Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised decline was detected in patients receiving colchicine 0.005 mg/kg/d (MD=0.53,97.5%CI:0.07 to 0.99, p=0.011). Eight patients experienced adverse events in placebo arm (44.4%), 3 in colchicine 0.005 mg/kg/day (16.7%) and 7 in colchicine 0.01 mg/kg/day arm (35.9%). The differences in adverse events were not statistically significant. In conclusion, colchicine treatment was safe for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Further studies are required to better understand mechanisms of action and clinical effects of colchicine in this condition.