The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) PMK-3 controls a life-extending retrograde response in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that is activated following mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) disruption and is distinct from known longevity-promoting pathways. Here we show that the long isoform of PMK-3 expressed exclusively in the gut, rather than neurons, is sufficient to fully extend the life of animals exposed to mild ETC dysfunction. Surprisingly, constitutive activation of PMK-3 using a gain-of-function MAP3K/DLK-1 mutant does not extend the life of wild-type worms due to dampening of the DLK-1/PMK-3 signaling axis with age. We further show that core components of the ESCRT-III machinery, including ISTR-1, CHMP2B (CC01A4.2) and RAB-11.1, are required for life extension following ETC disruption. ESCRT proteins are needed for extracellular vesicle (EV) formation, lysosomal traffic and other functions requiring membrane encapsulation away from the cytoplasm. Together, our findings underscore PMK-3 as a pivotal factor controlling life extension in worms following mitochondrial ETC disruption and illustrate the importance of the endomembrane system to this process. Our findings raise the possibility that EVs may act as intra-organismal signaling vehicles to control aging.* C/EBPβ : CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β DLK-1b(EE) : constitutively active form of DLK-1 isoform b ESCRT-III : endosomal sorting complexes required for transport type III complex ETC : electron transport chain EVs : extracellular vesicles (exosomes and exosomes) MAPK : mitogen-activated protein kinase Ptbb- GFP∷6 : GFP coupled to the promoter of tbb-6